Overexpression of MdSOS2L1, a CIPK protein kinase, increases the antioxidant metabolites to enhance salt tolerance in apple and tomato

Abstract

Soil salinity hinders the growth of most higher plants and becomes a gradually increasing threat to the agricultural production of such crops as the woody plant apple. In this study, a calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase, MdCIPK24-LIKE1 (named as MdSOS2L1), was identified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay revealed that the expression of MdSOS2L1 was upregulated by CaCl . Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and transiently transgenic analysis demonstrated that the MdSOS2L1 protein kinase physically interacted with MdCBL1, MdCBL4 and MdCBL10 proteins to increase salt tolerance in apple. Furthermore, iTRAQ proteome combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis found that several proteins, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, procyanidin biosynthesis and malate metabolism, were induced in MdSOS2L1-overexpressing apple plants. Subsequent studies have shown that MdSOS2L1 increased antioxidant metabolites such as procyanidin and malate to improve salt tolerance in apple and tomato. In summary, our studies provide a mechanism in which SOS2L1 enhances the salt stress tolerance in apple and tomato.

Identification and characterization of CBL and CIPK gene families in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

“…2). But unlike AtCBL4-AtCIPK24 (Qiu et al 2002) or MdCBL4-MdCIPK24 (Hu et al 2015), there is no interaction between SmCBL4 and SmCIPK24 according to the results of Y2H and BiFC (Figs. 3 and 4).…”

“…It is expected that by the year 2050, more than 50 % of agriculture land of different geographical regions would be under drought and salinity (Gaur and Sharma 2013). A holistic understanding of the biochemistry, cell biology and genetics underlying salt stress is critical for developing transgenic treatment strategies (Hu et al 2015;Sanyal et al 2015). According to the existing researches, the function of CBL-CIPK complexes can mediate a series of ion homeostasis in many plants.…”

“…As the sequences and structures of the CBLs and CIPKs are highly conservative, the scientists speculated and demonstrated that the functions of CBLs and CIPKs within intraand inter-species are similar. Like AtSOS pathway, similar SOS signaling networks also exist in various other species: rice (Fukuda et al 2004;Elmahi et al 2010), poplar (Tang et al 2010), Malus domestica (Hu et al 2015), and tomato (Huertas et al 2012;Olias et al 2009). Based on the conservative sequences, structures and similar functions of CBL-CIPK network in plants, we can study the CBLs and CIPKs in other species to complement the signaling pathway.…”

Identification of Important Physiological Traits and Moderators That Are Associated with Improved Salt Tolerance in CBL and CIPK Overexpressors through a Meta-Analysis

“…For example, He et al (2013) examined both transformed and non-transformed Arabidopsis plants subjected to four different NaCl concentrations, which was represented as four individual studies in the meta-analysis. Hu et al (2016) used two kinds of media in their study, which was then treated as two studies in the meta-analysis. Although the approach of breaking down a single study into multiple studies and designating them as independent studies may potentially result in an increase in the disadvantage of the statistical dependence among studies, which in the meta-analysis are assumed to be independent (Gurevitch and Hedges, 1999), the larger number of studies maximizes the statistical power of the meta-analysis (Lajeunesse and Forbes, 2003).…”

Tomato tolerance to abiotic stress: a review of most often engineered target sequences

“…For example, the expression of LeCRK1 gene-an isoform of Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase, is stimulated by different factors such as salicylic acid, ethylene and also mechanical injury and cold (Leclercq et al 2005). Recently it has been reported that MdSOS2L1 (an apple derived CIPK kinase) had positive impact on salt tolerance both in tomato and apple by increasing the level of antioxidant metabolites (Hu et al 2015b). …”