“…The low embryo survival in cattle provides a compelling reason for more research to better understand the biology of early reproductive events in cattle. Within the context of this review, studies in buffaloes (Moussa et al, 2019), pigs (Bowen et al, 1996), and sheep (Modina et al, 2010;Shirazi et al, 2015) Bovine oviduct epithelial cells in culture secreted the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Singh, Carraher, & Schwarzbauer, 2010) which attached to the integrin α 5 β 1 , a fibronectin ligand, present on sperm (Osycka-Salut et al, 2017). It was proposed that fibronectin-sperm α 5 β 1 attachment is involved in sperm interaction with the oviduct which maintains sperm integrity before fertilization (Osycka-Salut et al, 2017).…”