Overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene from Caragana korshinskii decreases stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance

Lu, Baiyan; Luo, Xueli; Gong, Chunmei; Bai, Juan

doi:10.1186/s12870-021-03226-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Moreover, the high H 2 O 2 was indicative of high susceptibility in BSO and DPA tissues, is evidenced by the localization of H 2 O 2 in shoot tissues. Similarly, MAPK inhibitor (U0126) treatment increased H 2 O 2 and MDA in plants infected with Botrytis cinerea (Zheng et al 2015 ), resulting in cellular dysfunction and/or cell death (Lu et al 2021 ). In addition, 3AB, a PARP inhibitor, also induced oxidation in A. thaliana (Briggs et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

Sahu,

Kumari,

Mittra

2024

Stress Biology

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Susceptibility is defined as the disruption of host defence systems that promotes infection or limits pathogenicity. Glutathione (GSH) is a major component of defence signalling pathways that maintain redox status and is synthesised by γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-ECS). On the other hand, lignin acts as a barrier in the primary cell wall of vascular bundles (VBs) synthesised by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the intracellular system of plants. In this study, we used two inhibitors, such as L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), which irreversibly inhibits γ-ECS, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DPA), which reduces PAL activity and leads to the induction of oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings after exposure to Fusarium oxysporum. Seedlings treated with 1 mM L-BSO and 2,4-DPA showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (CO) content, and low activity of antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] as compared to wild-type (WT) seedlings under F. oxysporum infection. Further, the content of reduced glutathione (RGSH), ascorbate (ASC), and lignin was decreased in BSO and DPA treated seedlings as compared to WT seedlings during Fusarium infection. Moreover, treatment with BSO and DPA significantly inhibited the relative activity of γ-ECS and PAL (P ≤ 0.001) in WT seedlings during Fusarium infection, which led to disintegrated VBs and, finally, cell death. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of γ-ECS and PAL by BSO and DPA, respectively, disrupts the defence mechanisms of wheat seedlings and induces susceptibility to F. oxysporum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

Sahu,

Kumari,

Mittra

2024

Stress Biology

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“…Another report has shown that this phenomenon is rather connected with the accumulation of cysteine, which is not consumed for GSH production but affects ABA biosynthesis in the cad2 mutant [13]. On the other hand, the overexpression of the gene encoding γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, led to notable decreases in both stomatal aperture and density and, in turn, increased tolerance to drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis [33]. Therefore, to ensure the proper functioning of ABA, a continuous and steady supply of cysteine is essential.…”

Section: Abscisic Acid Crosstalk With S Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development

Wawrzyńska,

Sirko

2024

IJMS

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Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has a major function in plant protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, a thorough comprehension of how plants regulate S nutrition and particularly the involvement of phytohormones in this process remains elusive. Phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Additionally, S availability regulates the growth and development of plants through molecular mechanisms intertwined with phytohormone signaling pathways. Conversely, many phytohormones influence or alter S metabolism within interconnected pathways. S metabolism is closely associated with phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroids (BR), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and strigolactones (SL). This review provides a summary of the research concerning the impact of phytohormones on S metabolism and, conversely, how S availability affects hormonal signaling. Although numerous molecular details are yet to be fully understood, several core signaling components have been identified at the crossroads of S and major phytohormonal pathways.

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“…Decreasing GSH level in guard cells in the GSH biosynthesis deficient mutant cad2-1 or inhibition of GSH biosynthesis enhanced ABA-induced stomatal closure ( Figure 1A ). Overexpression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, significantly reduced the stomatal aperture and density ( Lu et al, 2021 ). Moreover, exogenous application of L-methionine (L-Met) has been shown to enhance stomatal closure by activating Ca 2+ channels and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Kong et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Organic Sulfur Compounds On Stomatal Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Compounds in Regulation of Stomatal Movement

et al. 2022

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Sulfur, widely present in the soil and atmosphere, is one of the essential elements for plants. Sulfate is a dominant form of sulfur in soils taken up by plant roots. In addition to the assimilation into sulfur compounds essential for plant growth and development, it has been reported recently that sulfate as well as other sulfur containing compounds can also induce stomatal movement. Here, we first summarized the uptake and transport of sulfate and atmospheric sulfur, including H2O and SO2, and then, focused on the effects of inorganic and organic sulfur on stomatal movement. We concluded all the transporters for different sulfur compounds, and compared the expression level of those transporters in guard cells and mesophyll cells. The relationship between abscisic acid and sulfur compounds in regulation of stomatal movement were also discussed.

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Overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene from Caragana korshinskii decreases stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development

Sulfur Compounds in Regulation of Stomatal Movement

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