Overland flow modeling in a vegetative filter considering non-planar topography and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and vegetation density

Helmers, Matthew J.; Eisenhauer, Dean E.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.026

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[5] At the local scale, microtopography produces nonuniform runoff patterns-segregating flow into narrow, relatively deep and fast-flow zones where velocity can be 2-7 times higher than the average flow as well as broader, shallower, slower-moving zones where velocity may approach zero [Dunkerley, 2003[Dunkerley, , 2004Römkens et al, 1986].Theoretical estimates [Thompson et al, 2010a[Thompson et al, , 2010b showed that, with the effects of slope and local depressions, microtopography can increase rainfall infiltration by more than 20%,compared with the flat, planar slope case in which microtopography is absent. Microtopography has been included in previous modeling studies aimed to investigate its overall impact on runoff [Tayfur et al, 1993;Helmers and Eisenhauer, 2006;Appels et al, 2011], but its impact on spatial variability of the rainfall-runoff process requires further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas

et al. 2013

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[1] The hydrological response of semiarid watersheds to short but intense rainfall events is complex due to feedbacks among water fluxes, vegetation patches, topography, and soil properties. This paper seeks to quantify the combined impact of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches on surface hydrologic processes on a semiarid hillslope. A modeling approach using a two-layer conceptual infiltration model and twodimensional surface runoff model was developed to study rainfall-runoff relationships. This combined model is applicable to heterogeneous areas with spatially varying soil properties, landscape, and land-cover characteristics. Data from a semiarid site in southern Israel was used to evaluate the model and analyze fundamental hydrologic mechanisms. Our results indicate that seal layer, microtopography, and vegetation play important roles in dry land runoff processes: seal layer controls runoff generation; vegetation patches affect overland flow by enhancing local infiltration rates; microtopography has a small impact on the total amount of runoff, but shapes the spatial pattern of overland flow. The presence of vegetation patches amplifies the effect of microtopography by increasing spatial variability of infiltration and runoff. Results also show that water resource allocation favors vegetation patches through surface runoff, with maximum local cumulative infiltration one order of magnitude higher than the amount of water available from rainfall. This suggests a sophisticated system of water resource distribution in semiarid ecosystems through complex interactions among environmental factors.Citation: Chen, L., S. Sela, T. Svoray, and S. Assouline (2013), The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas, Water Resour. Res., 49,[5585][5586][5587][5588][5589][5590][5591][5592][5593][5594][5595][5596][5597][5598][5599]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas

et al. 2013

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“…Strategies to reduce N export from agricultural lands have included the establishment of riparian buffer systems (Dosskey et al, 2002;Lovell and Sullivan, 2006) and, more recently, the incorporation of small amounts of prairie vegetation strips (PVS) in strategic locations within crop fields Helmers and Eisenhauer, 2006). Both riparian buffers and PVS function as physical barriers that reduce N losses by minimizing soil erosion (Dosskey, 2001;Dosskey et al, 2002;Helmers and Eisenhauer, 2006;Hernández-Santana et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2010Zhou et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both riparian buffers and PVS function as physical barriers that reduce N losses by minimizing soil erosion (Dosskey, 2001;Dosskey et al, 2002;Helmers and Eisenhauer, 2006;Hernández-Santana et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2010Zhou et al, , 2014. Additionally, riparian buffers and PVS retain NO 3 -N through biogeochemical transformations resulting from plant uptake and microbial processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in prairie vegetation strips across topographical gradients in mixed Central Iowa agroecosystems

Pérez-Suárez

Castellano

Kolka

et al. 2014

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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a b s t r a c tReductions of nitrogen (N) export from agricultural lands because of changes in specific N stocks and fluxes by incorporation of small amounts of prairie vegetation strips (PVS) are poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence and topographical position of PVS on soil and plant carbon (C) and N stocks relative to annual crop and native prairie vegetation. The study was implemented within three small adjacent watersheds, treated with one of the following cover types:(1) 100% row-crop agriculture (CROP); (2) 20% prairie vegetation (PVS) distributed along the contour across three topographical positions: upslope, sideslope and footslope position; and (3) 100% 17-year old reconstructed native prairie (RNP) as the control condition. Total soil organic C (SOC), total soil N (TN), inorganic N availability as indexed by ion exchange resins, N stocks in plant biomass and litter, and the ratio of C 3 :C 4 plant species were measured during the 2010 growing season. Results showed that over five years of treatment, PVS footslope improved soil quality by increasing TN by almost 100% and SOC by 37%; while CROP footslope TN decreased by 31% and SOC decreased by 28%. Overall, N stocks in plant biomass and litter were higher in PVS compared with RNP, except in the footslope where the lower N plant stocks was associated with higher C 3 abundance in RNP. Nitrogen availability was higher in CROP (25.4 ± 1.4), followed by PVS (10.2 ± 1.3), and RNP (2.2 ± 1.4); with the highest values recorded in the upslope position for PVS and RNP, and the footslope for CROP. These findings are important for designing watersheds with PVS to reduce N accumulation in the footslope position and promote additional N retention in soil organic matter and plant biomass, thereby minimizing N losses to streams.

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“…Other steady uniform flow formulations, such as the Manning's friction factor (n) can also be used to replace D. A practical advantage to formulating water flow rates using a standard open channel equation are twofold: (1) such resistance equations have a long history of describing bulk velocities reasonably well in surface flows and ensure that the intrinsic nonlinearities in the Q i versus H w are preserved, and (2) on the monitoring side, they hold promise for the possibility of combining SAR data with canopy light detection and ranging (lidar) data, now capable of measuring canopy height (h c ), and leaf area density (a), both variables known to impact the friction factor f in addition to H w . Various flume and field studies have already shown that n and f depend on the drag coefficient (C d ) imposed by the vegetation, a, H w , and h c as well as the bulk Reynolds number [Baptist, 2003;Carollo et al, 2002;Helmers and Eisenhauer, 2006;Helmio, 2002;Jarvela, 2002;Musleh and Cruise, 2006;Shi et al, 1995;Stone and Shen, 2002;Tsihrintzis and Madiedo, 2000;Wilson et al, 2003]. General formulations linking all these variables to resistance factors remain the subject of active research, especially in submerged canopies, and their potential use in continental-scale hydrologic models (e.g., an estimate of D) provides additional motivation for progress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic resistance of submerged rigid vegetation derived from first‐order closure models

Poggi

Krug

Katul

2009

Water Resources Research

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[1] The past decade witnessed rapid developments in remote sensing methods that now permit an unprecedented description of the spatial variations in water levels (H w ), canopy height (h c ), and leaf area density distribution (a) at large spatial scales. These developments are now renewing interest in effective resistance formulations for water flow within and above vegetated surfaces so that they can be incorporated into simplified water routing models driven by such remote sensing products. The first generation of such water routing models linked the bulk velocity to gradients in H w via a constant diffusion velocity that cannot be inferred from canopy properties (a and h c ). The next generation of such hydrologic models must preserve the nonlinear relationship between the resistance value, canopy attributes (e.g., a and h c ), and H w without compromising model simplicity. Using a simplified scaling analysis on the depth-integrated mean momentum balance and a two-layer model for the bulk velocity, the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (f) was shown to vary with three canonical length scales that can be either measured or possibly inferred from remote sensing products H w , h c , and the adjustment length scale L c = (C d a) À1 , where C d is the drag coefficient (of order unity). The scaling analysis proposed here reveals that these length scales can be combined in two dimensionless groups, H w /h c and L c /h c . The dependence of f on these two functional groups was then explored using a combination of first-order closure modeling and 130 experimental runs derived from a large number of flume experiments carried out for rigid and flexible vegetation. The results from the data and the model show a nonlinear decrease in f with increasing H w /h c at a given L c /h c and the nonlinear increase in f with decreasing L c /h c . Furthermore, both model and data results did not exhibit any dependence on the bulk Reynolds number.Citation: Poggi, D., C. Krug, and G. G. Katul (2009), Hydraulic resistance of submerged rigid vegetation derived from first-order closure models, Water Resour. Res.,

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Overland flow modeling in a vegetative filter considering non-planar topography and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and vegetation density

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas

The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas

Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in prairie vegetation strips across topographical gradients in mixed Central Iowa agroecosystems

Hydraulic resistance of submerged rigid vegetation derived from first‐order closure models

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