Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV

Liu, Jia; Zheng, Xin; Tong, Qiaoxia; Li, Wei; Wang, Baoju; Sutter, Kathrin; Trilling, Mirko; Lu, Mengji; Dittmer, Ulf; Yang, Dongliang

doi:10.1002/jmv.25709

Cited by 562 publications

(580 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…IL-2R, IL6, and TNF-α were above the normal range in half patients. A cytokine storm was induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by large amounts of immune responses and changes in immune cells such as lymphocytes, which was same as people infected SARS-CoV 5,26 . Oxygen therapy was used for every patient to improve hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China

Cui

Chen

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: As of March 2, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 80174 people and caused 2915 deaths in China. This virus rapidly spreads to 56 countries worldwide. Thus, in order to effectively block its transmission, it is urgent to uncover all the possible transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: From January 28 to February 18, 2020, 35 female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital were included in this descriptive study. The gynecologic history, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and chest computed tomography (CT) of all patients were recorded in detail. To examine whether there is sexual transmission through vaginal from female to her partner, we employed realtime polymerase chain reaction testing (RT-PCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal environment (including vaginal discharge, cervical or vaginal residual exfoliated cells) and anal swab samples, and inquired recent sexual behaviors from the patients. Findings: The age range of the 35 patients with COVID-19 was 37-88 years. Over 50% patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had chronic diseases. We tested the vaginal environment and anal swabs from the 35 female patients with COVID-19 and found that only an anal swab sample from one patient was positive for SARS-CoV-2. All the samples from vaginal environment were negative for SARS-CoV-2. The infection rate of the patients' sexual partner was 42·9%. Additionally, two female patients admitted having sex with their partners during a possible infection incubation period, while one patient's partner was uninfected and the other patient's partner was diagnosed with COVID-19 (after the diagnosis of the female patient). Conclusion: No positive RT-PCR result was found in the vaginal environment perhaps due to the lack of ACE2 expression, which is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, in the vagina and cervix tissues (human protein atlas). The results from this study show no evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through vaginal sex from female to her partner. However, the risk of infection of non vaginal sex and other intimate contacts during vaginal sex should not be ignored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China

Cui

Chen

Dai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…the possible mechanisms [9]. It has been shown that the acute SARS-CoV infection was associated with marked lymphopenia in about 80% of patients, including a dramatic loss of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in comparison with healthy control individuals [10][11][12].…”

Section: Previous Researches On Sars-cov and Mers-cov Infections Havementioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

Liu

et al. 2020

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Background: The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profiles of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. Method: Peripheral blood samples were longitudinally collected from 40 confirmed COVID-19 patients and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. Findings: Of the 40 COVID-19 patients enrolled, 13 severe cases showed significant and sustained decreases in lymphocyte counts but increases in neutrophil counts than 27 mild cases. Further analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the counts of T cells, especially CD8 + T cells, as well as increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the peripheral blood in the severe cases compared to those in the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-CD8+ T cell ratio (N8R) were identified as the most powerful prognostic factor affecting the prognosis for severe COVID-19. Conclusion: The degree of lymphopenia and a proinflammatory cytokine storm is higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases, and is associated with the disease severity. N8R may serve as a useful prognostic factor for early identification of severe COVID-19 cases.

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“…Moreover, the virus infection may trigger a drastic immune response which leads to production of large quantities of cytokines, i.e. "cytokine storm", which may indiscriminately injure vital organs 24 . For instance, SARS-CoV-2 infection injures the myocardium, leading to elevated levels of myocardial biomarkers (eg, troponin I > 28 pg/mL) and certain abnormalities in electrocardiography and echocardiography 25 .…”

Section: Pulmonary and Cardiac Injury Caused By Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for pulmonary injury and cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019

Geng

Wei

Qian

et al. 2020

Cardiovascular Pathology

112

148

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Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV

Abstract: First reported from Wuhan, The People's Republic of China, on 31 December 2019,

Cited by 562 publications

References 37 publications

Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China

Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China

Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

Pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for pulmonary injury and cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019

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