Overlooking the coast: Limited local planning for coastal area management along Michigan’s Great Lakes

Norton, Richard K.; David, Nina P.; Buckman, Stephen; Koman, Patricia D.

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.049

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Any criteria that can lead the planners to a good or better plan are useful. Thus, criteria and data are often a combination of schools under different paradigms (Connell and Daoust-Filiatrault, 2017;Norton, David et al, 2018;Tang and Brody, 2009). Such integration of criteria can also be seen in the implementation field.…”

Section: Evidence-oriented Schoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schools of urban and regional planning evaluation: A genealogical perspective

Dadashpoor

Heydari

2022

IRSPSD International

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Evaluation is one of the most important steps in the planning process that has been widely considered in recent decades by scholars in the field of planning. Despite the extensive studies on the plan and planning evaluation, no specific studies have yet been conducted on planning evaluation schools. This gap can cause a theoretical and practical ambiguity on the subject of planning evaluation. Hence, exploring and describing theoretical and practical historical developments in the field of evaluation schools in planning can be useful in resolving this ambiguity. In this article, using the meta-theory and a genealogical perspective, four schools of planning were identified: The causal school under the rational planning theories, the communicative school under the participatory planning theories, the Dutch school under the Dutch planning, and the IOR School of planning, and finally, the evidence-oriented school under the emerging theories of sustainable development and environmental planning. This classification was conducted based on the philosophy of thought, the influential scholars, and how to use evaluation. Identifying these schools of thought contributes to a clear understanding of how this concept is described and applied in planning evaluation, states the reasons for its formation and critiques of each school, and ultimately strengthens its practice.

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Section: Evidence-oriented Schoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schools of urban and regional planning evaluation: A genealogical perspective

Dadashpoor

Heydari

2022

IRSPSD International

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“…We also thought that equity issues would be at the forefront in communities with larger population sizes because people living in densely populated urban areas might be more vulnerable than those in suburban or rural areas (Flanagan et al, 2011). Finally, we thought that coastal communities might be more inclined to focus on equity in the sense of climate vulnerability given their exposure to coastal flooding, although evidence for this is mixed (Norton, 2005;Norton et al, 2018).…”

Section: Overall Plan Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Planning for Equity?

Loh

Kim

2020

Journal of the American Planning Association

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Problem, research strategy, and findings: Social equity goals are supposed to be prioritized in planning along with economic and environmental goals, yet in practice they are often de-emphasized. We developed a publicly available plan equity evaluation tool to investigate to what extent and in what ways local governments incorporate goals and recommendations that would advance equitable outcomes in their comprehensive plans. Using plan content analysis, we find that most plans do not talk about equity, nor do they include many goals and recommendations that would advance equity. More recent plans, plans in communities with more planning capacity, plans in coastal communities, and plans with strong public participation processes have stronger equity orientations. Limitations of our study include that we had a small sample size of 48 plans in a single state, our coding was partly conducted by volunteers, and our study is limited to plan content and so did not investigate existing conditions or equitable outcomes. Takeaway for practice: Plans should make equity a guiding principle. Planning processes need to be multifaceted. Plans should identify vulnerable people and geographic areas and ensure equitable protection from hazards and equitable distribution of amenities. Future land use changes should be more transparent.

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“…Furthermore, it is important to assess this dimension because research is needed on the range of "goals, policies, types of ecological science-based information and implementation and monitoring actions incorporated into plans" (Berke et al, 2013). The policy focus dimension is important in order to assess a plan's effectiveness as a communicative tool (Norton et al, 2018). It emphasizes the strength of the actions proposed to manage the environmental problems the core focus of the LEAPs.…”

Section: Framework For Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%