Overproduction of Flotillin Influences Cell Differentiation and Shape in Bacillus subtilis

Mielich-Süss, Benjamin; Schneider, Johannes; López, Daniel

doi:10.1128/mbio.00719-13

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The membrane of this bacterium (and probably all bacteria) organizes microdomains whose integrity is essential for the activation of KinC and, thus, the differentiation of SpoA-ON cells (Lopez and Kolter, 2010b). These microdomains also contain the membrane-bound protease FtsH that selectively degrades specific Rap phosphatases (Yepes et al, 2012;Bach and Bramkamp, 2013;Mielich-Süss et al, 2013).…”

Section: Triggers Feeding Into the Biofilm's Regulatory Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms involved in Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation

Mielich-Süss

López

2014

Environmental Microbiology

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159

127

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SummaryBiofilms are the predominant lifestyle of bacteria in natural environments, and they severely impact our societies in many different fashions. Therefore, biofilm formation is a topic of growing interest in microbiology, and different bacterial models are currently studied to better understand the molecular strategies that bacteria undergo to build biofilms. Among those, biofilms of the soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus subtilis are commonly used for this purpose. Bacillus subtilis biofilms show remarkable architectural features that are a consequence of sophisticated programmes of cellular specialization and cell-cell communication within the community. Many laboratories are trying to unravel the biological role of the morphological features of biofilms, as well as exploring the molecular basis underlying cellular differentiation. In this review, we present a general perspective of the current state of knowledge of biofilm formation in B. subtilis and thereby placing a special emphasis on summarizing the most recent discoveries in the field.

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Section: Triggers Feeding Into the Biofilm's Regulatory Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms involved in Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation

Mielich-Süss

López

2014

Environmental Microbiology

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159

127

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“…The negative effects on membrane potential and fluidity observed in the ΔtasA cells suggest alterations in membrane dynamics, which in bacterial cells are directly related to functional membrane microdomains (FMM); FMMs are specialized membrane domains that also regulate important cellular functions such as KinC-dependent biofilm formation, sporulation, protein secretion, competence, motility or cell division among others 69–72 . The bacterial flotillins FloT and FloA are localized in FMMs and are directly involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity 69 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual functionality of the TasA amyloid protein inBacillusphysiology and fitness on the phylloplane

Cámara-Almirón

Navarro

Magno-Pérez-Bryan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractBacteria can form biofilms that consist of multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic pathways involved in biofilm formation are activated under a variety of environmental conditions to enhance bacterial fitness; however, the functions of the individual ECM components are still poorly understood. In Bacillus subtilis, the main protein component of the ECM is the functional amyloid TasA. In this study, we demonstrate that beyond their well-known defect in biofilm formation, ΔtasA cells also exhibit a range of cytological symptoms indicative of excessive cellular stress, including DNA damage accumulation, changes in membrane potential, higher susceptibility to oxidative stress, and alterations in membrane dynamics. Collectively, these events can lead to increased programmed cell death in the colony. We show that these major physiological changes in ΔtasA cells are likely independent of the structural role of TasA during amyloid fiber formation in the ECM. The presence of TasA in cellular membranes, which would place it in proximity to functional membrane microdomains, and mislocalization of the flotillin-like protein FloT in ΔtasA cells, led us to propose a role for TasA in the stabilization of membrane dynamics as cells enter stationary phase. We found that these alterations caused by the absence of TasA impair the survival, colonization and competition of Bacillus cells on the phylloplane. Taken together, our results allow the separation of two complementary roles of this functional amyloid protein: i) structural functions during ECM assembly and interactions with plants, and ii) a physiological function in which TasA, via its localization to the cell membrane, stabilizes membrane dynamics and supports more effective cellular adaptation to environmental cues.

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“…However, it is unclear how trophozoites are transformed into cysts. Since raft-like membrane microdomains are involved in regulating the growth and differentiation of bacteria and higher eukaryotes (28,29), we thought that raft microdomains in Giardia also participate in encystation and cyst production. We also questioned if the immunostaining pattern of giardial rafts changes during the process of stage differentiation to the cyst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assembly of GM1 Glycolipid- and Cholesterol-Enriched Raft-Like Membrane Microdomains Is Important for Giardial Encystation

et al. 2015

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Although encystation (or cyst formation) is an important step of the life cycle of Giardia, the cellular events that trigger encystation are poorly understood. Because membrane microdomains are involved in inducing growth and differentiation in many eukaryotes, we wondered if these raft-like domains are assembled by this parasite and participate in the encystation process. Since the GM1 ganglioside is a major constituent of mammalian lipid rafts (LRs) and known to react with cholera toxin B (CTXB), we used Alexa Fluor-conjugated CTXB and GM1 antibodies to detect giardial LRs. Raft-like structures in trophozoites are located in the plasma membranes and on the periphery of ventral discs. In cysts, however, they are localized in the membranes beneath the cyst wall. Nystatin and filipin III, two cholesterol-binding agents, and oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a viral neuraminidase inhibitor, disassembled the microdomains, as evidenced by reduced staining of trophozoites with CTXB and GM1 antibodies. GM1-and cholesterol-enriched LRs were isolated from Giardia by density gradient centrifugation and found to be sensitive to nystatin and oseltamivir. The involvement of LRs in encystation could be supported by the observation that raft inhibitors interrupted the biogenesis of encystation-specific vesicles and cyst production. Furthermore, culturing of trophozoites in dialyzed medium containing fetal bovine serum (which is low in cholesterol) reduced raft assembly and encystation, which could be rescued by adding cholesterol from the outside. Our results suggest that Giardia is able to form GM1-and cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts and these raft domains are important for encystation.

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Overproduction of Flotillin Influences Cell Differentiation and Shape in Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 50 publications

References 72 publications

Molecular mechanisms involved in Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation

Molecular mechanisms involved in Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation

Dual functionality of the TasA amyloid protein inBacillusphysiology and fitness on the phylloplane

The Assembly of GM1 Glycolipid- and Cholesterol-Enriched Raft-Like Membrane Microdomains Is Important for Giardial Encystation

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