Overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system: A systematic review to understand and better act

Cénat, Jude Mary; McIntee, Sara-Emilie; Mukunzi, Joana N.; Noorishad, Pari-Gole

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105714

Cited by 101 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Some residents in our sample described this fear in relation to the possibility of contributing to the over-representation of Indigenous and racial and ethnic minority children in foster care, as well as those from families living in communities with high rates of poverty. This has been less frequently reported as a concern of HCPs, despite studies showing disproportionate rates of foster care placements for children from these communities in Canada [ 42 , 43 ], as well as elsewhere around the world [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. It is encouraging that some residents in this sample were aware of higher rates of CPS involvement and apprehension in these communities, which may reflect greater emphasis recently being placed on the social determinants of health and systemic racism in medical curricula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Description of Resident Physicians’ Understanding of Child Maltreatment: Impacts, Recognition, and Response

Laupacis

Acai

MacMillan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Child maltreatment (CM) is a public health problem with devastating effects on individuals, families, and communities. Resident physicians have varied formal education in CM, and report feeling inadequately trained in identifying and responding to CM. The purpose of this study is to explore residents’ understanding of the impacts of CM, and their perceptions of their role in recognizing and responding to CM to better understand their educational needs. This study analyzed qualitative data obtained from a larger project on family violence education. Twenty-nine resident physicians enrolled in pediatric, family medicine, emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and psychiatry training programs in Alberta, Ontario, and Québec participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit their ideas, experiences, and educational needs relating to CM. Conventional (inductive) content analysis guided the development of codes and categories. Residents had thorough knowledge about the impacts of CM and their duty to recognize CM, but there was less consistency in how residents understood their role in responding to CM. Residents identified the need for more education about recognizing and responding to CM, and the need for educational content to be responsive to training, patient and family factors, and systemic issues. Despite knowledge about the impacts of CM and laws pertaining to mandated reporting, residents reported challenges with responding to concerns of CM. Findings of this study emphasize the need for better training in response to CM. Future educational interventions should consider a multidisciplinary, experiential approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Description of Resident Physicians’ Understanding of Child Maltreatment: Impacts, Recognition, and Response

Laupacis

Acai

MacMillan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Furthermore, our sample consisted of primarily white parents and caregivers. This is not representative of the general child welfare population that is disproportionately Black (Cenat et al, 2021 ). It is important for future work to include a wider range of diverse parents to better understand multi-level risk and protective factors for opioid misuse and foster care entries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Communities: A Qualitative Assessment of Opportunities for the Prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Wake of the Opioid Crisis

et al. 2022

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The opioid crisis is a significant challenge for health and human service systems that serve children, youth, and families across the United States. Between 2000 and 2017, the number of foster care entries, a type of adverse childhood experience (ACE), attributable to parental drug use increased by 147%. Nevertheless, there is variation in the burden of opioid overdose and foster care rates across the U.S., suggesting community supports and systems to support families affected by substance use also vary. This qualitative study sampled communities experiencing high and low rates of overdose mortality and foster care entries (i.e., a qualitative comparison group) to better understand what might protect some counties from high overdose mortality and foster care entries. The sample included six counties from three states that were selected based on their rates of opioid overdose mortality and foster care entries. Using purposive sampling within counties, interview and discussion group participants included multi-sector community partners, parents whose children had been removed due to parental substance use, and caregivers caring for children who had been removed from their homes. Across all counties, prevention was not front-of-mind. Yet, participants from communities experiencing high rates of overdose mortality and foster care entries identified several factors that might help lessen exposure to substance use and ACEs including more community-based prevention services for children and youth. Both parents and caregivers across all communities also described the need for additional supports and services. Participants also described the impact of COVID-19 on services, including greater utilization of mental health and substance use treatment services and the challenges with engaging children and youth on virtual platforms. The implications for prevention are discussed, including the need to encourage primary prevention programs in communities.

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“…The authors further extended their substantial focus on race, and debating its level of relevance, by linking four of their 10 misconceptions explicitly to race and several others indirectly to race. My Google search yielded at least nine major studies on the topic that were not in the authors’ reference list (Brevard, 2017; Cenat, McIntee, Mukunzi, & Noorishad, 2021; Fattalaha & Sullivan, 2021; Lee, Bell, & Ackerman, 2015; Minoff, 2018; Olson et al, 2021; Ryan, 2021; Saunders-Adams, 2011; Sugrue, 2019).…”

Section: What Are the Methodological Limitations?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuing Common Ground Instead of Specious Misconceptions: Response to Barth and Colleagues

Cabin

2022

Research on Social Work Practice

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This article is a reaction paper to the article in this issue of Research on Social Work Practice entitled Research to Consider While Effectively Redesigning Child Welfare Services by Richard P. Barth and colleagues. As such, it addresses two significant questions about the article. One question is: What are the methodological limitations? The second question is: What are the implications on the methodological limitations?

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Overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system: A systematic review to understand and better act

Cited by 101 publications

References 51 publications

A Qualitative Description of Resident Physicians’ Understanding of Child Maltreatment: Impacts, Recognition, and Response

A Qualitative Description of Resident Physicians’ Understanding of Child Maltreatment: Impacts, Recognition, and Response

Strengthening Communities: A Qualitative Assessment of Opportunities for the Prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Wake of the Opioid Crisis

Pursuing Common Ground Instead of Specious Misconceptions: Response to Barth and Colleagues

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