2022
DOI: 10.1007/s13384-021-00504-1
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Overrepresentation of Indigenous students in school suspension, exclusion, and enrolment cancellation in Queensland: is there a case for systemic inclusive school reform?

Abstract: Well-established evidence of the ill-effects of exclusionary school discipline, its disproportionate use on students of colour, and association with the “school-to-prison pipeline” has, in the last decade, led to systemic reforms in the United States, which are successfully reducing exclusion and improving outcomes. Few studies, however, have similarly investigated overrepresentation in Australia, with little attention to systemic reform as a result. In this study, we analysed suspension, exclusion, and enrolm… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Despite the large body of literature investigating the influence of pre-service teacher beliefs, knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills on student outcomes, or the overall impact of teacher preparation programs, the concern remains: marginalised and disadvantaged students are still falling behind in a range of educational outcomes (Fernandez, 2019;Graham et al, 2022). Also, teachers continue to report underpreparedness for teaching these students (Rowan et al, 2017(Rowan et al, , 2021.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Despite the large body of literature investigating the influence of pre-service teacher beliefs, knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills on student outcomes, or the overall impact of teacher preparation programs, the concern remains: marginalised and disadvantaged students are still falling behind in a range of educational outcomes (Fernandez, 2019;Graham et al, 2022). Also, teachers continue to report underpreparedness for teaching these students (Rowan et al, 2017(Rowan et al, , 2021.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is now an increased impetus to re-evaluate education systems, educational policy, and school service delivery to address harm and inequity experienced by children and young people (Greig et al, 2021). As is in many countries, it is becoming increasingly clear in Australia that despite an overt focus on teacher education reforms, curriculum revisions, and teacher quality standards, marginalised and "at risk" students are still underperforming and are overrepresented in suspension and exclusion data (Graham et al, 2022). Also, graduate teachers still feel under-prepared to teach in a manner that services the whole range of diversity present in contemporary classrooms (Rowan et al, 2021), including those who are perhaps misunderstood due to their behaviour that is affected by the impacts of complex trauma (McClain, 2021).…”
Section: Addressing Inequitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For policy and practice ideas, Australian schools and systems need look no further than the United States, where there has been considerable reform activity over the last decade. Strong limits have been placed on out-of-school suspension to prevent both overuse and inappropriate use due to decades of empirical evidence attesting to its harmful effects, particularly in young children for whom suspension is banned in a growing number of districts ( Graham et al, 2020 ). Importantly, discipline reform in many public-school systems, such as Chicago Public Schools, has been coupled with systemic inclusive school reform ( Graham et al, 2022 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Strong limits have been placed on out-of-school suspension to prevent both overuse and inappropriate use due to decades of empirical evidence attesting to its harmful effects, particularly in young children for whom suspension is banned in a growing number of districts ( Graham et al, 2020 ). Importantly, discipline reform in many public-school systems, such as Chicago Public Schools, has been coupled with systemic inclusive school reform ( Graham et al, 2022 ). Approximately one quarter of the largest school districts in the United States have now implemented schoolwide frameworks to deliver evidence-based prevention and intervention practices and programs, and have recorded improvements in school safety, and student connectedness and academic achievement as a result.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When researchers studied effective behaviour management strategies, Indigenous students were found to be more at a disadvantage than their Caucasian counterparts in terms of measurable indicators of school performance (Gion et al, 2018;Llewellyn et al, 2018). Despite a decade's worth of focused interventions in Australia, Indigenous students there are overrepresented in every indicator for disciplinary events like suspensions, exclusions, low THE CHASMS BETWEEN SUSPICION, SCREENING & SUPPORT retention and more (Graham et al, 2022;Llewellyn et al 2018). Unfortunately, research investigating the details of this disproportionate discipline in settler colonies with a Caucasian majority other than Americafor example Australia, Canada and New Zealandis sparce despite the fact that in each of these nations the Indigenous population is also overrepresented in the criminal justice systems (Graham et al, 2022).…”
Section: Indigenous Perspectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%