“…We calculated, in 30-minute windows with 50% overlap, the following 18 measures: the mean and standard deviation of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), pulse oximetry (SO2); mean non-invasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or invasive blood pressure in its absence (SBP and DBP); the three pairwise cross-correlations between HR, RR, and SO2; standard deviation of heart inter-beat intervals (sRRI); local dynamics score (LDs) and local dynamics density (LDd) of heart inter-beat intervals (12); coefficient of sample entropy (COSEn) (13); the slope of log variance vs. log scale between scales 4 and 12 for detrended fluctuation analysis of heart Vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and temperature) were extracted from flowsheets. Additionally, we extracted fraction of inspired oxygen and supplemental oxygen flowrate and combined it with peripheral oxygen saturation to estimate the PO 2 to FiO 2 ratio (ePFR) following the methods of Gadrey,et al (19,20). Eleven frequently measured laboratory measurements (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, calcium, white blood cell count, hematocrit, platelet count) were extracted from the electronic data warehouse.…”