Overtopping Breaching of Noncohesive Homogeneous Embankments

Coleman, Stephen E.; Andrews, Darryl P.; Webby, M. Grant

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2002)128:9(829)

Cited by 212 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…These experiments include both large-scale tests in the field [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and small-scale tests in the laboratory [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].The small-scale tests in the laboratory include numerous flume and wave basin experiments. Nevertheless, the breach formation and development in embankments is such a complicated process with various influencing factors involved in, such as profile and structure of embankment, type of foundation (erodible or non-erodible), type of material (cohesive or non-cohesive, and erosion of cohesive soil is already a very intricate phenomenon [23]), and causes of failures (overtopping, piping, slope sliding, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on breaching of embankments

Zhu

Visser

Vrijling

et al. 2010

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Breaching of embankments has recently drawn more and more attention due to its importance in the development of early warning systems for embankment failures, in the evacuation plans of people at risk, in the design method of embankments based on a risk-approach, etc. The erosion process observed during embankment breaching tests in the laboratory and the analysis of the results are described in this paper. Five embankments, one constructed with pure sand, four with different sand-silt-clay mixtures were tested. The height of the embankments was 75 cm and the width at the crest was 60 cm. Examination of the data from these tests indicated that headcut erosion played an important role in the process of breach growth in the embankments made of cohesive soil mixtures. Flow shear erosion, fluidization of the headcut slope surface, undermining of the headcut due to impinging jet scour and discrete soil mechanical slope mass failure from the headcut were all observed during these tests. For the embankment constructed with pure sand, the breach erosion process was dominated by shear erosion, which led to a gradual and relatively uniform retreat of the downstream slope. The cohesive proportion in the sand-silt-clay mixtures strongly slowed down the erosion process. embankments, breaching, experiments, headcut, erosion Citation:Zhu Y H, VISSER P

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on breaching of embankments

Zhu

Visser

Vrijling

et al. 2010

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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“…Water discharge, Q w , which flew over the embankment, was estimated through the variations in time of water volume in the flume, detected by a level probe. Adopting the experimental techniques used by Visser (1998) and Coleman et al (2002), the water levels were measured (at 10 Hz) by the probe which was positioned upstream to the structure. As the overtopping discharge progressively eroded the embankment, a hopper at the end of the flume collected water and the sediment output.…”

Section: Hydraulic Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

An expression for the water-sediment moving layer in unsteady flows valid for open channels and embankments

Berta

Bianco

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. During the floods, the effects of sediment transport in river beds are particulary significant and can be studied through the evolution of the water-sediment layer which moves in the lower part of a flow, named "moving layer". Moving layer variations along rivers lead to depositions and erosions and are typically unsteady, but are often tackled with expressions developed for steady (equilibrium) conditions. In this paper, we develop an expression for the moving layer in unsteady conditions and calibrate it with experimental data. During laboratory tests, we have in fact reproduced a rapidly changing unsteady flow by the erosion of a granular steep slope. Results have shown a clear tendency of the moving layer, for fixed discharges, toward equilibrium conditions. Knowing the equilibrium achievement has presented many difficulties, being influenced by the choice of the equilibrium expression and moreover by the estimation of the parameters involved (for example friction angle). Since we used only data relevant to hyper-concentrated mono-dimensional flows for the calibration -occurring for slope gradients in the range 0.03-0.20 -our model can be applied both on open channels and on embankments/dams, providing that the flows can be modelled as mono-dimensional, and that slopes and applied shear stress levels fall within the considered ranges.

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“…Herein the discussion is focused on two aspects of the conclusion. Second, recent studies demonstrated that embankment dam failure by overtopping evolved from an initial phase, followed by a rapid breach development by vertical erosion, then breach width enlargement by lateral erosion, and reservoir drawdown (ANDREWS 1998, COLEMAN et al 2002, ROZOV 2003.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During breach development, there is some basic analogy between the breach shape and the inlet designs of Minimum Energy Loss culvert and weirs (COLEMAN et al 2002, CHANSON 2004a. The reanalysis of detailed experimental data (ANDREWS 1998, COLEMAN et al 2002 demonstrated that the flow in the breach is trans-critical (i.e.…”

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The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu river, southwestern China

Chanson

2005

Geomorphology

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Forensic studies of past hydraulic structure failures are rare despite their critical relevance to modern hydraulic design, and the writers (DAI et al. 2005) must be congratulated for their outstanding study. Herein the discussion is focused on two aspects of the conclusion. It is believed that dam overtopping was the primary cause of the Dadu river landside dam failure, although aftershocks may have further weakened the embankment. Using physically-based equations supported by recent physical model data, the maximum outflow may be estimated to be about 6,000 m 3 /s.

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Overtopping Breaching of Noncohesive Homogeneous Embankments

Cited by 212 publications

References 5 publications

Experimental investigation on breaching of embankments

Experimental investigation on breaching of embankments

An expression for the water-sediment moving layer in unsteady flows valid for open channels and embankments

The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu river, southwestern China

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