Overturning and rollover characteristics of a tractor through dynamic simulations: Effect of slope angle and obstacles on a hard surface

Hwang, Seok-Joon; Nam, Ju–Seok

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.04.017

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tractor stability against a lateral overturn is known to be determined by multiple factors [1,36]. Exterior factors such as the ground conditions (slope angle and obstacle shape and height) cannot be controlled [2,37]. Thus, interior factors can be changed to adjust tractor stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Lateral Stability Analysis of an Attitude Adjustment Tractor for Moving on Side Slopes

Jiang,

Xu,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Lateral overturns are the most frequent fatal accidents involving tractors. A tractor being able to travel safely on uneven or sloped terrain is still an open field of investigation. The design concept of a four-wheel-drive tractor that can traverse hilly and mountainous areas is described. The tractor’s locomotion system can actively adjust its roll angle by using the attitude adjustment mechanisms equipped on the rear wheels. With double quadrangle mechanisms, the front axle can cooperate with the rear axle to adjust this tractor’s attitude. This tractor can also level its body, steer, and transmit power. The principles and configurations of the two axles are presented. A mathematics/mechanical model of a tractor on lateral slopes was developed. This model considers the relationships of the ground supporting forces when the tractor adjusts its roll angle. Combining the model of specific attitude adjustment mechanisms and the above mechanics model, the lateral stability analysis associated with the active input of the attitude adjustment mechanism is conducted. The reliability of the proposed model is discussed based on a comparison of slope traversing experiments and numerical simulations. This designed tractor has potential application in the fields of hilly and mountainous terrains. The results show that posture/configuration adjustment is a positive way to enhance tractor lateral overturn stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Lateral Stability Analysis of an Attitude Adjustment Tractor for Moving on Side Slopes

Jiang,

Xu,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Furthermore, simulation methodologies can be used to assess vehicle driving risk [58,59]. Scholars have recognized that these approaches not only help avoid crashes in field testing but also aid in lowering the high testing costs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Snowy and Icy Weather on Vehicle Sideslip and Rollover: A Simulation Approach

Wang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Many northern hemisphere countries have experienced exceptionally heavy snow, blizzards, and cold snaps in recent years, causing considerable public concern about the high crash rate and safety issues in road traffic. This study used the CarSim dynamics simulation to recreate several vehicle driving scenarios in snow and ice conditions. To explore the influence of speed, curve radius, and road adhesion coefficient on vehicle sideslip and rollover, four lateral stability evaluation indicators, namely lateral offset, lateral acceleration, yaw rate, and roll angle, are chosen. Unfavorable combinations of these factors result in vehicle deviation from their intended trajectory and dramatically increase the likelihood of sideslip and rollover incidents. In particular, road adhesion coefficients ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 lead first to sideslip, while coefficients of 0.21 to 0.35 lead straight to rollover. Additionally, in the initial segment of the curve, cars are more susceptible to lateral instability. Curve radius has the greatest influence on sideslip when the three influencing factors are combined, while speed is the key component affecting rollover incidents. Smaller curve radii and higher speeds are major factors in such incidents. The results are helpful for proper road alignment parameter selection and dynamic speed-limit measures. This can provide a theoretical basis for traffic management departments to take targeted measures, which is of great significance to improving road traffic safety in snowy and icy weather.

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“…The error between the simulation results and the theoretical equations was found to be less than 5%, and the critical driving speeds of the tractor for lateral overturning and backward rollover decreased as the internal steering angle and front wheel lift angle increased. Jang et al [61] established the lateral overturning and backward rollover tendencies of tractors based on ground slope and obstacle geometry and height. The simulation results showed that the critical speed decreased as the ground slope and obstacle height increased, thereby lowering safety against lateral overturning and backward rollover.…”

Section: D Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When attaching the plow, depth should not be excessive The implement should be lifted cautiously As the inner steering angle increases, the safety of the tractor decreases As the front wheel lift angle increases, the safety of the tractor decreases Using weight on the rear wheel located at the top of a slope increases safety [46,52,60] Ground conditions When the ground slope increases, the driving speed must be lowered The higher the obstacle, the lower the safety Maximum coefficient of static friction is the main cause of sideslip The greater the roughness of the ground, the lower the safety The presence of continuous obstacles reduces safety [31,37,46,50,54,57,58,[61][62][63] Recently, the number of studies for developing new models through theoretical analyses and comparing them with simulation results has been increasing. This trend may stem from the considerable time and cost involved in evaluating driving safety by using actual tractors or conducting dynamic experiments, coupled with the high risk of accidents owing to unexpected outcomes.…”

Section: Target Solutions Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Overturning and Backward Rollover of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Jang,

Kim,

Shin

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Tractor accidents caused by lateral overturning and backward rollover during agricultural activities and general driving are common. In this study, various research cases were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the lateral overturning and backward rollover of tractors and to examine their static and dynamic stability. Studies on the analysis of the major causes of these incidents and evaluation of tractor safety were compiled. Test methods, including actual tests and simulations, were categorized, and the characteristics of lateral overturning and backward rollover safety of tractors in different studies were examined. Additionally, safety improvement measures were proposed by identifying and summarizing the causes of accidents involving agricultural machinery. Tractor safety was evaluated primarily by conducting actual tractor and simulation tests. These tests were classified into field tests, tests on scale models, spreadsheet programs, and 3D simulation programs. The primary causes of lateral overturning and backward rollover were unstable center of gravity, extremely high driving speed, and ground conditions. Given the considerable number of studies dedicated to evaluating tractor safety, various technologies aimed at preventing lateral overturning and backward rollover incidents are expected to be applied to tractors in the future. The production and testing of safe agricultural machinery are expected to contribute to a reduction in accident rates.

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Overturning and rollover characteristics of a tractor through dynamic simulations: Effect of slope angle and obstacles on a hard surface

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Design and Lateral Stability Analysis of an Attitude Adjustment Tractor for Moving on Side Slopes

Design and Lateral Stability Analysis of an Attitude Adjustment Tractor for Moving on Side Slopes

Influence of Snowy and Icy Weather on Vehicle Sideslip and Rollover: A Simulation Approach

Lateral Overturning and Backward Rollover of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

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