Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic

Bell, Beth P.; Damon, Inger K.; Jernigan, Daniel B.; Kenyon, Thomas; Nichol, Stuart T.; O’Connor, John; Tappero, Jordan W.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.su6503a2

Cited by 190 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1 These episodes were notable for both the severity of symptoms and the high case-fatality rate. The outbreak in Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of Congo-DRC) had 318 cases and an 88 percent case-fatality rate; higher than the 53 percent death rate among 284 cases in the South Sudan epidemic.…”

Section: Ebola Virus Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,6 During the 2013-2016 Ebola pandemic, epidemiologists were able to trace the outbreak back to its source in real time. [7][8][9] Their investigations led to the identification of the index case, the outbreak's "Patient Zero," a 2-year-old child from a small village of 31 households in the Gu eck edou Prefecture of Guinea.…”

Section: Ebola Virus Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). 1 Among these, 5 nations have experienced multiple outbreaks: Second, the 2013-2016 outbreak was the only multinational EVD "pandemic" in history, affecting 6 nations in Africa, 3 in Europe, and the United States. The other 24 outbreaks were limited to a single nation.…”

Section: Descriptive Epidemiology: Place and Spatial Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinguishing epidemiological features of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak

et al. 2016

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The 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease epidemic was notable for its scope, scale, and complexity. This briefing presents a series of distinguishing epidemiological features that set this outbreak apart.Compared to one concurrent and 23 previous outbreaks of the disease over 40 years, this was the only occurrence of Ebola virus disease involving multiple nations and qualifying as a pandemic. Across multiple measures of magnitude, the 2013-2016 outbreak was accurately described using superlatives: largest and deadliest in terms of numbers of cases and fatalities; longest in duration; and most widely dispersed geographically, with outbreak-associated cases occurring in 10 nations.In contrast, the case-fatality rate was much lower for the 2013-2016 outbreak compared to the other 24 outbreaks. A population of particular interest for ongoing monitoring and public health surveillance is comprised of more than 17,000 "survivors," Ebola patients who successfully recovered from their illness.The daunting challenges posed by this outbreak were met by an intensive international public health response. The near-exponential rate of increase of incident Ebola cases during mid-2014 was successfully slowed, reversed, and finally halted through the application of multiple disease containment and intervention strategies.

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Section: Ebola Virus Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ebola Virus Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinguishing epidemiological features of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak

et al. 2016

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“…Soma-se a isso a expectativa social que exacerba as dúvidas sobre os resultados de tanto investimento em pesquisa básica e se isso atinge de forma ideal a translação em tempos compatíveis com as urgências. Vide o exemplo da epidemia de ebola no ano de 2015 que expôs a distância interposta entre as inovações científicas e tecnológicas e a falência da assistência médica urgente, diante da agilidade dos agentes infecciosos em suas adaptações contínuas de sobrevivência 20 .…”

Section: Considerações Finaisunclassified

Setor de Atendimento Médico Unificado: criação, finalidades, contribuição para a vigilância e perspectivas

Pinto¹,

Matos²,

Ramos³

2016

Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde

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RESUMOEstamos presenciando uma complexa transição epidemiológica com a emergência de doenças infecciosas até então desconhecidas e a reemergência de doenças tidas como controladas, sendo o envelhecimento e as mudanças climáticas fatores importantes de vulnerabilidade. O Instituto Evandro Chagas, visando fortalecer sua missão de vigilância em saúde, criou o Setor de Atendimento Médico Unificado a partir de uma demanda de pacientes para esclarecimento diagnóstico de síndrome infecciosa com ênfase em febre prolongada. No decurso do seu nono ano de atuação, o Setor contabiliza 34.057 atendimentos, com média anual de 3.700 pacientes. Dessa demanda, extraem-se informações valiosas para a vigilância epidemiológica e para o fortalecimento do conhecimento sobre doenças emergentes. A febre tifoide e a doença de Chagas, duas das principais causas de febre na região, são exemplos marcantes. Nos últimos cinco anos, foram registrados 308 casos de febre tifoide e a média anual de 15 surtos microepidêmicos de doença de Chagas. A identificação dos agravos tem desencadeado investigações em parceria com as Secretarias Estadual e Municipais de Saúde para o diagnóstico rápido, oportunizando também a geração de evidências científicas potencialmente aplicáveis na atenção e na prevenção. Assim, a criação do serviço de atenção médico-diagnóstica em uma instituição de pesquisa médica visou não apenas fortalecer a pesquisa gerando conhecimento, mas, sobretudo, fortalecer a estratégia de diagnóstico rápido em endemias regionais, além de implementar a pesquisa de aplicação imediata de resultados a populações negligenciadas em sintonia com a resiliência própria do compromisso institucional com a saúde pública. Palavras ABSTRACTWe are witnessing a complex epidemiological transition with the emergence of previously unknown infectious diseases, and the re-emergence of diseases that were believed to be under control, with aging and climate change as important factors of vulnerability. The Instituto Evandro Chagas created the Unified Medical Care Sector (Setor de Atendimento Médico Unificado) to strengthen its health surveillance mission. This was a result of patients demand for diagnostic clarification of infectious diseases with an emphasis on prolonged fever. During the ninth year of its creation, the Sector has had 34,057 hospital visits and an annual average of 3,700 patients. From this data, valuable information was extracted for epidemiological surveillance and for strengthening understanding about emerging diseases. The data for typhoid fever and Chagas disease, two leading causes of fever in the region, were striking. In the previous five years, 308 cases of typhoid fever was recorded and there was an annual average of 15 micro-epidemic outbreaks of Chagas disease. The identification of diseases trigger the investigations in partnership with the State and Municipal Health Secretariats for quick diagnosis. Moreover, it supports the generation of scientific evidence potentially applicable to health attention and prevention. Thus, the crea...

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“…The global community, including humanitarian NGOs, responded in the most heavily affected countries, creating a multitude of Ebola holding or quarantine units, coupled with isolation units or Ebola Treatment Units (ETUs; Bell et al, 2016). In the process of screening thousands of patients for the confirmatory Ebola test, biomedical samples were collected and sent to one of many rapidly established laboratories, created to deal with the sudden volume of testing, including mobile laboratories donated by partner nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing dangerous pathogens: challenges in the wake of the recent West African Ebola outbreak

Abayomi

Katz

Spence³

et al. 2016

Global Security: Health, Science and Policy

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Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic

Abstract: SummaryDuring 2014

Cited by 190 publications

References 8 publications

Distinguishing epidemiological features of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak

Distinguishing epidemiological features of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak

Setor de Atendimento Médico Unificado: criação, finalidades, contribuição para a vigilância e perspectivas

Managing dangerous pathogens: challenges in the wake of the recent West African Ebola outbreak

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