Overview of applications in medicine

Sporn, Thomas A.; Shelburne, John D.; Roggli, Victor L.; Ingram, Peter

doi:10.1016/b978-012371020-8/50005-6

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…In this contribution, we report some examples of metals found in different human stones such as gall, kidney, and bladder stones, using electron microprobe analyses. Confirming what was previously reported by several authors (Abraham & Burnett, 1983;Baker et al, 1985;Sporn et al, 1999;Washington & Barham, 1999;LeFurgey & Ingram, 2013), we demonstrate that the electron microprobe is a useful tool for investigation of medical samples and for detection of metal particles that occur in human stones. The origin of the particles of metals described in this contribution is also briefly discussed.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron microprobe technique was successfully used in previous studies to detect the presence of particles composed of metals in the human body (Sporn et al, 1999 and reference therein). Metals were especially documented in several human tissues and blood cells, and according to Sporn et al (1999) they can be classified as (1) xenobiotic or foreign particles and (2) endogenous substances. The most common xenobiotic or foreign particulates composed of metals are those inhaled and documented in the lung (Jederlinic et al, 1990), or those introduced in the human tissue during surgical implants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we can speculate that the presence of abundant copper particles documented in all investigated gallstones is due to the direct precipitation of this metal from the bile. If this assumption is true, following the classification of Sporn et al (1999), we can classify the particles of copper described in this contribution as endogenous.…”

Section: Metals In the Studied Gall Kidney And Bladder Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron microprobe analyses were applied to investigate the morphology and composition of gall and kidney stones (Been et al, 1977; Bulger, 1980; Teranishi et al, 1980; Wosiewitz, 1982; Kafman et al, 1990; Kodaka et al, 1995; Giannossi et al, 2012; Athanasiadu et al, 2013; LeFurgey & Ingram, 2013 among the others), as well as to find small particles of metals in the human tissues, lung, and fluids (Sporn et al, 1999 and reference therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metals in Human Gall, Bladder, and Kidney Stones Based on an Electron Microprobe Investigation

Moser¹,

Zaccarini

Moser³

et al. 2015

Microsc Microanal

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Several particles of copper accompanied by a few particles of nickel, lead, and a compound composed of selenium containing minor Ni, Si, Cu, and Co were found in human gall, kidney, and bladder stones. The investigated particles occur as tiny grains, <10 µm in size, that are irregularly dispersed in the stones. Therefore, they were studied by scanning electron microscopy and qualitatively analyzed by energy dispersive system. One grain of copper contained a small amount of Ni and Zn, and some grains of nickel proved to contain Cr as trace element. Most of the discovered metals formed a single-phase grain. However, a few grains found in two gallstones were associated with inclusions of calcium and apatite. Based on the results presented in this contribution, we argue that most of the studied metals can be classified as endogenous particles, i.e., directly precipitated from the same fluids that formed their host human stones. This observation suggests that the precipitation and accumulation of metals in some human stones can be considered an efficient way to eliminate them from the human body.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metals In the Studied Gall Kidney And Bladder Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metals in Human Gall, Bladder, and Kidney Stones Based on an Electron Microprobe Investigation

Moser¹,

Zaccarini

Moser³

et al. 2015

Microsc Microanal

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Multi-color electron microscopy by element-guided identification of cells, organelles and molecules

Scotuzzi

Kuipers

Wensveen

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cellular complexity is unraveled at nanometer resolution using electron microscopy (EM), but interpretation of macromolecular functionality is hampered by the difficulty in interpreting grey-scale images and the unidentified molecular content. We perform large-scale EM on mammalian tissue complemented with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to allow EM-data analysis based on elemental composition. Endogenous elements, labels (gold and cadmium-based nanoparticles) as well as stains are analyzed at ultrastructural resolution. This provides a wide palette of colors to paint the traditional grey-scale EM images for composition-based interpretation. Our proof-of-principle application of EM-EDX reveals that endocrine and exocrine vesicles exist in single cells in Islets of Langerhans. This highlights how elemental mapping reveals unbiased biomedical relevant information. Broad application of EM-EDX will further allow experimental analysis on large-scale tissue using endogenous elements, multiple stains, and multiple markers and thus brings nanometer-scale ‘color-EM’ as a promising tool to unravel molecular (de)regulation in biomedicine.

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