“…As a result, the wild pigeon population in Thailand is rapidly growing and widely dispersed in paddy fields ( Tang et al, 2018 ). Wild pigeons are known to harbor various zoonotic pathogens, such as Chlamydia bacteria, Cryptosporidium protozoa, and Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae ( Koompapong et al, 2014 ; Prompiram et al, 2022 ; Sariya et al, 2015 ). However, the common epizootic pathogens, such as H. columbae, in wild pigeons in Thailand have rarely been studied, with only an unidentified Haemoproteus parasite reported in urban areas of the Chiang Mai province ( Buranapim et al, 2019 ).…”