Overview of Biopesticides in Pakistan

Inam–ul-Haq, Muhammad; Hyder, Sajjad; Nisa, Tahira; Bibi, Safia; Ismail, Sohaib; Tahir, Muhammad Ibrahim

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8_21

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The annual consumption of pesticides in Pakistan is 130,000 metric tonnes, of which 90% is applied on cotton, rice, vegetables and fruits [ 38 ]; China is the source of 91% pesticides in Pakistan [ 39 ]. The pesticide market was valued at USD 220 million in 2019 and is forecast to reach USD 349.5 million by 2025 [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicides by pesticide ingestion in Pakistan and the impact of pesticide regulation

et al. 2023

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Introduction Suicide is a major public health problem in Pakistan, accounting to approximately 19,331 deaths every year. Many are due to consumption of acutely toxic pesticides; however, there is a lack of national suicide data, limiting knowledge and potential for intervention. In this paper, we aimed to review the literature on pesticide self-poisoning in Pakistan to identify the most problematic pesticides in relation to national pesticide regulations. Methods Information on the currently registered and banned pesticides was obtained from Ministry of National Food Security and Research while data on pesticide import and use was extracted from FAOSTAT. We searched the following sources for articles and research papers on poisoning in Pakistan: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Google Scholar, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), National Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE (PUBMED), PS102YCHINFO and Pakmedinet.com using the search terms ‘self-poisoning’, ‘deliberate self-harm’, ‘suicide’, ‘methods and means of suicide’, ‘organophosphate’, ‘wheat pill’, ‘aluminium phosphide’, ‘acute poisoning’, OR ‘pesticides’, AND ‘Pakistan’. Results As of May 2021, 382 pesticide active ingredients (substances) were registered in Pakistan, of which five were WHO hazard class Ia (extremely hazardous) and 17 WHO hazard class Ib (highly hazardous). Twenty-six pesticides, four formulations, and seven non-registered pesticides had been banned, of which two were WHO class Ia and five Ib. We identified 106 hospital-level studies of poisoning conducted in Pakistan, of which 23 did not mention self-poisoning cases and one reported no suicidal poisoning cases. We found no community or forensic medicine studies. Of 52,323 poisoning cases identified in these papers, 24,546 [47%] were due to pesticides. The most commonly identified pesticide classes were organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (13,816 cases, 56%) and the fumigant aluminium phosphide (3 g 56% tablets, often termed ‘wheat pills’; 686 cases, 2.7%). Few studies identified the particular pesticides involved or the resulting case fatality. Conclusion We found pesticide poisoning to be a major cause of poisoning in Pakistan, with OP insecticides and the fumigant aluminium phosphide the main pesticides identified. Withdrawal of Class I pesticides (as proposed to occur nationally in 2022) and high concentration aluminium phosphide tablets should rapidly reduce suicidal deaths by reducing the case fatality for low-intention poisoning cases. National cause of death data and forensic toxicology laboratory data identifying the pesticides responsible for deaths will be important to assess impacts of the proposed national ban.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicides by pesticide ingestion in Pakistan and the impact of pesticide regulation

et al. 2023

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“…Importantly, around 71% of Pakistan's pesticide market relies on imports, with an annual import volume of about 80,000 tons. Presently, Pakistan consumes approximately 130,000 metric tons of pesticides, with the majority about 90%, being used on crops such as cotton, rice and vegetables (12). Pesticides used in cotton cultivation have a significant impact, affecting not only the targets such as insects, fungi and weeds but also non-targeted organisms including animals, plants and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding pesticide purchase practices and brand preferences among cotton growers in District Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Shuban,

Joko Mariyono,

Agus Setiadi

2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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In Pakistan, the pesticide use has increased over the years. Several companies market different pesticide brands and compete for capturing the attention of growers. This study was aimed at determining the pesticides buying behavior and brand preferences of cotton growers. Two leading cotton production districts including Multan and Muzaffargarh of South Punjab were selected. The study used quantitative research approach and data were collected from 160 cotton growers with the help of a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions regarding farmers buying behavior and brand preferences towards pesticides. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate statistical techniques with the help of SPSS software. Results indicated that the major preferred brands included Bayer crop science, Syngenta, FMC Corporation and Arysta life science. Quality of the products and effectiveness were the major attributes that were given importance by cotton growers. Price of product, distance between farm and dealer shop, peer group advice, brand reputation, credit availability, and dealer suggestion were also given importance regarding purchase of pesticides. While discount and subsidy and advertisement were given less importance by the respondents. Results of this study can help pesticide firms in strategies formulation as well as product development to get attention of the cotton growers.

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“…Biopesticides compete for plant host resistance or induce it. A biochemical can be used to stop an insect pest or pathogen from growing, feeding, or reproducing [5]. Biopesticide yield on the planet aggregates around 3000 tons each year, and Pakistan has a colossal potential for biopesticide creation and use in Asia [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three critical biopesticide classes [5] (1) Biochemical (2) plant-based anti-oxidants (3) Microbial pesticides Biopesticides can be used in agriculture to control insects, diseases, weeds and worms. These biopesticides are categorized as follows [4] 1: Microbial pesticides 2: biochemical pesticides…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Role of Bio-Microorganism Pesticide in Pakistan

Urainab¹

2022

IJ-FANRES

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Microbial pathogens are disease-causing organisms that are spread in vast quantities in the pest population, similar to how chemical pesticides are applied. These microorganisms are utilized through introduction or inundative applications for organic control of bug bothers. Insects are vulnerable to a variety of illnesses brought about by infections, microscopic organisms, the parasite, protozoa, and nematodes, among different microorganisms. Insect microbial pathogens are being studied in depth in order to develop environmentally acceptable pest management solutions for agriculture. These days, plant protection environments and insect pest control are hampered by the development of chemical resistance and residues at higher trophic levels. Bio-pesticides have been replacing chemical pesticides to protect nontarget creatures from the harmful effects of chemicals in recent years. This research discusses the insecticidal characteristics of microorganisms, just as their potential utility in bother the board.

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Overview of Biopesticides in Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Suicides by pesticide ingestion in Pakistan and the impact of pesticide regulation

Suicides by pesticide ingestion in Pakistan and the impact of pesticide regulation

Understanding pesticide purchase practices and brand preferences among cotton growers in District Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan

Future Role of Bio-Microorganism Pesticide in Pakistan

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