Overview of Biorefineries based on Co-Production of Furfural, Existing Concepts and Novel Developments

Abstract

At Delft University of Technology theoretical and experimental research is carried out towards selective production of furfural from renewable biomass. Furfural is an interesting molecule that has been identified as a platform chemical for a multitude of chemical products and fuel (additives).Acidic biomass hydrolysis and subsequent dehydration of the obtained C 5 sugar xylose leads to furfural. The reaction selectivity is a point of concern for reactor design, as furfural can further react to loss products. The residue of this process mainly consists of the remaining main biomass constituents, cellulose and lignin. Mineral matter is to a large extent extracted to the acid in the primary hydrolysis. This implies that the residue has the potential to be a better feedstock for thermo-chemical conversion, as e.g. alkali and chlorine species-now extracted-potentially cause different types of problems (slagging, fouling, agglomeration etc.).An interesting option for example might be to convert this improved feedstock into synthesis gas via a gasification process, which then needs to be conditioned and upgraded for the production of green transportation fuels. In this line, a new biorefinery generation is created, which selectively uses the hemi-cellulose part of biomass. An analysis is presented towards current (integrated) concepts for novel, * During the writing of the article our dear friend and colleague Henk Heidweiller passed away, we owe him a word of thanks for his contributions and ideas in the field of furfural production from biomass. The Delft Research Centre for Sustainable Industrial Processes (DC-SIP) is acknowledged for financial support via the "Biorefuge" project. Finally, Ir. Jan Dijk and Ir. Shengbin Ma are kindly acknowledged for their work and advises related to the process design part.Brought to you by | Bibliotheek TU Delft Authenticated | 172.16.1.226 Download Date | 8/14/12 8:54 AM improved furfural production process. This paper presents some current process concepts and a novel continuous process design.

Furfural—A Promising Platform for Lignocellulosic Biofuels

“…[138,139] For example, ternary azeotropes have been reported for acetic acid/formic acid/ water and for acetic acid/furfural/water. [140,141] Furfural recovery by extraction, [104,[142][143][144][145] absorption [146][147][148] or membrane separation [149,150] has been investigated as an alternative with the promise of the improvement of energy efficiency. Promising results have been obtained under conditions representative of furfural production, that is, furfural concentration of a few wt % in an aqueous medium.…”

The effects of combined catalysis of oxalic acid and seawater on the kinetics of xylose and arabinose dehydration to furfural

“…Furfural, a hemicellulose derived platform chemical [3], promises to be a very valuable product of the lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefinery [8,37]. It can easily be produced from biomass in a biorefinery system, and it is a precursor for many different chemicals, used for the production of bio-plastics, bioblend solvents and biofuels.…”

Integrated furfural and first generation bioethanol production: process simulation and techno-economic analysis

“…Chemical compounds of renewable origin are gaining market share in order to reduce pressure on oil reserves and due to lower environmental impacts compared to their fossil counterparts (Moulijn et al, 2012).This trend comes as a result of several factors needs and at the same time offer an economically feasible option, the concept of production in biorefineries was created (De Jong and Marcotullio, 2010;Moulijn et al, 2012). In biorefineries, a series of different processes is used to fractionate biomass into several products, like in oil refineries, yet working with a different, renewable feedstock.…”