Overview of breast cancer staging and surgical treatment options.

Hammer, C.; Fanning, Alicia; Crowe, Joseph P.

doi:10.3949/ccjm.75.suppl_1.s10

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…11,21,23,24,25 Negative margin is assurance that the tumor burden is reduced to microscopic levels that can be controlled by radiation therapy whereas positive margins generally require a return to the operating room for further resection and clearance. 26 Limitations in tumor localization may lead to a greater incidence of positive resection. Recht et al 5 found a 67 per cent to 69 per cent reexcision rate in patients who underwent breast-conservation therapy between 1984 and 1992.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Tumor Size Assessment with Mammography, Ultrasonography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging at a Community Based Multidisciplinary Breast Center

Ramirez

Scholle

Buckmaster

et al. 2012

The American Surgeon™

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Paramount to staging and patient management is accurately measuring the size of invasive breast cancers. We assessed the accuracy of mammography (MG), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our community-based hospital in which multiple radiologists and imaging machines are used in the care of our patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of 277 patients seen at our breast center from 2009 to 2010. We tabulated MG, US, and MRI-reported tumor sizes in 161 women with pathology-proven invasive breast cancer and compared the preoperative size measurements with final pathologic tumor size. In the 161 patients, 169 lesions were identified. Imaging using all three modalities was available in 47 patients. When compared with final pathology, MRI had a correlation of r = 0.75 to mean tumor size as compared with US (r = 0.67) and MG (r = 0.76). Mean tumor size was 1.90 cm by MG, 1.87 cm by US, 2.40 cm by MRI, and 2.19 cm by pathology. We were able to achieve an excellent correlation of pathologic tumor size to preoperative imaging. The absolute differences in size between the modalities were small. MRI, in select patients, added to the assessment of tumor size based on US and MG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Tumor Size Assessment with Mammography, Ultrasonography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging at a Community Based Multidisciplinary Breast Center

Ramirez

Scholle

Buckmaster

et al. 2012

The American Surgeon™

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“…Breast cancer is a molecularly, pathologically, and epidemiologically heterogeneous disease. Clinically, invasive breast cancers can be classified into three groups: early breast cancer (stages I, IIa, and IIb), locally advanced breast cancer (stages IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc), and advanced breast cancer (stage IV) presenting with distant metastases beyond the regional lymph nodes (6,7).…”

Section: Clinical Charactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer stem cells and the challenges of eradication: a review of novel therapies

Saeg¹,

Anbalagan²

2018

Stem Cell Investig

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Prevalence of breast cancer Breast cancer accounts for 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women with greater than 1,677,000 new cases and over 520,000 deaths per year worldwide (1). Despite recent advancements in detection and treatment, mortality of the disease is expected to increase 20% by the year 2020 with >95% of new cases occurring in women older than 40 years of age (2,3). Approximately 40% of patients who are initially diagnosed with non-invasive breast cancer progress to malignancy and experience disease recurrence despite undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy and/or adjuvant care. Furthermore, 70% of these cases experience a metastatic relapse within 5 years (4). Due to the heterogeneous nature of this disease, the effectiveness of recent therapies has been limited (5). In this review, we provide a clinical discussion of metastatic breast cancer including a review of the breast cancer stem cell (CSC), its signaling pathways and immunological/pathological markers, and novel therapies designed for targeted treatment.

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“…The dimensions of these layers are given in Table 1. In order to investigate early stage cancer, the tumor diameter has been kept under 20 mm [16]. …”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Cancerous Breast Model

Chanmugam

Hatwar

Herman

2012

Volume 2: Biomedical and Biotechnology

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Breast cancer is one of the most common and dangerous cancers. Subsurface breast cancer lesions generate more heat and have increased blood supply when compared to healthy tissue, and this temperature rise is mirrored in the skin surface temperature. The rise in temperature on the skin surface, caused by the cancerous lesion, can be measured noninvasively using infrared thermography, which can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect the presence of a lesion. However, its diagnostic ability is limited when image interpretation relies on qualitative principles. In this study, we present a quantitative thermal analysis of breast cancer using a 3D computational model of the breast. The COMSOL FEM software was used to carry out the analysis. The effect of various parameters (tumor size, location, metabolic heat generation and blood perfusion rate) on the surface temperature distribution (which can be measured with infrared thermography) has been analyzed. Key defining features of the surface temperature profile have been identified, which can be used to estimate the size and location of the tumor based on (measured) surface temperature data. In addition, we employed a dynamic cooling process, to analyze surface temperature distributions during cooling and thermal recovery as a function of time. In this study, the effect of the cooling temperature on the enhancement of the temperature differences between normal tissue and cancerous lesions is evaluated. This study demonstrates that a quantification of temperature distributions by computational modeling, combined with thermographic imaging and dynamic cooling can be an important tool in the early detection of breast cancer.

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Overview of breast cancer staging and surgical treatment options.

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

Breast Cancer Tumor Size Assessment with Mammography, Ultrasonography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging at a Community Based Multidisciplinary Breast Center

Breast Cancer Tumor Size Assessment with Mammography, Ultrasonography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging at a Community Based Multidisciplinary Breast Center

Breast cancer stem cells and the challenges of eradication: a review of novel therapies

Thermal Analysis of Cancerous Breast Model

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