Overview of Clinical Pathology and the Horse

Liver function of mares submitted to Bothrops antigen inoculation for the production of anti-ophidian sérum

“…AF presented higher serum activity at S5 and S20. Liver function of mares submitted to Bothrops antigen inoculation for the production of anti-ophidian serum in equines (Lester et al 2015) and presented an increase in serum activity over the three cycles. The increase in this activity was probably due to intrahepatic causes because of the inoculation of the antigen in the immunization process.…”

“…At the end of the first immunization cycle (S8), there was an increase in the serum activities of the enzymes AST and GLDH, which, according to Lester et al (2015), indicate hepatocyte damage in equines. In the study by Armengou et al (2013), data was collected on sick foals and the relationship with some biochemical evaluations, and it was observed that foals that did not survive had a higher median plasma GLDH concentration than the survivors, which may be related to acute liver damage.…”

“…The diagnosis of liver disease is made based on clinical signs, laboratory analyses and imaging tests, as well as histopathological examination of a fragment of the organ taken by biopsy (Davoudi et al 2013). Increases in serum concentrations of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) indicate hepatocyte damage in equines (Lester et al 2015). This study aimed to evaluate the liver function of equines submitted to the immunization protocol currently used by the "Instituto Vital Brazil" (IVB) to produce anti-Bothrops serum.…”

Blood Transfusion in Equids—A Practical Approach and Review

“…In horses, as in people, chronic inflammation leads to decreased naturally occurring erythropoietin (EPO) production and simultaneously attenuated bone marrow response to EPO, while chronic inflammatory conditions increase erythrocyte breakdown due to increased hemophagocytosis by macrophages. This leads to sequestration of iron within the phagocytic cell populations and depletion from the erythrocyte precursor cell lineages, while inflammation increases hepcidin concentrations, further sequestering biologically-available iron stores [ 38 , 39 ]. The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a controversial topic in equine medicine, as it has been used in some cases in an attempt to increase red cell volume, and, therefore, oxygen carrying capacity in performance horses [ 40 ].…”

Influence of multiple factors on hematologic reference intervals in horses residing in livery yards in Spain

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The hemogram is a valuable tool for equine veterinary practitioners to check the health status and response to exercise in their patients.It is also used as an aid in the investigation of clinical disease. 1 Equine blood values are influenced by many factors, such as age, 2 gender, 2 breed, 3-5 season, 6,7 and exercise, 8-10 among other factors, and are intimately linked to the management practices in each country or geographical region. [2][3][4] However, most of these physiologic features have been studied individually, often in specific breeds or horse types.

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