Overview of computerized tomography with emphasis on future developments

Bates, R. H. T.; Garden, K. L.; Peters, Terry M.

doi:10.1109/proc.1983.12594

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…MData Acquisition R SPECT.~.~/ X-ray computed tomography (CT) measures the spatially varying X-ray attenuation coefficient [3], CT images show internal structure. For 3D applications, CT is frequently used to look at bone structure, although we have had success visualizing soft tissue.…”

Section: C•'•ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm

Lorensen

Cline

1987

SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph.

8,563

3,834

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We present a new algorithm, called marching cubes, that creates triangle models of constant density surfaces from 3D medical data. Using a divide-and-conquer approach to generate inter-slice connectivity, we create a case table that defines triangle topology. The algorithm processes the 3D medical data in scan-line order and calculates triangle vertices using linear interpolation. We find the gradient of the original data, normalize it, and use it as a basis for shading the models. The detail in images produced from the generated surface models is the result of maintaining the inter-slice connectivity, surface data, and gradient information present in the original 3D data. Results from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) illustrate the quality and functionality of marching cubes. We also discuss improvements that decrease processing time and add solid modeling capabilities.

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Section: C•'•ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm

Lorensen

Cline

1987

SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph.

8,563

3,834

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“…In order to remove the beam hardening effect and to isolate the scatter effect, the virtual detector data without the phantom28 30are obtained for 70 keY monoenergetic rays using Jo'=Ipexp(ud) , (8) where 1u is the linear attenuation coefficient of water at 70 keY and d is the path length of the beam in the water phantom31 -…”

Section: Methods Of Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Effects of scattered x-rays on cone-beam CT images</title>

et al. 1994

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Scatter to primary radiation ratios at detector positions were calculated for spherical water phantoms in the cone-beam xray 3-D CT scanner using the Monte Carlo simulation method. In the Monte Carlo simulation, 1x106 photons of conebeamed 120-ky polyenergetic x-rays with the filter of4mm Al have been traced individually as these photons interact within the phantoms with diameters 15cm and 20cm. The decrease in CT number due to scatter was found to be about 100. In the process of image reconstruction, the effect of scatter was isolated by applying our new calculation technique. The scatter reduces CT numbers in the whole region of images and the intensity of scattered rays is nearly uniform, so that rounded-off image is reconstructed.

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“…If the reader is interested, he can review the references [Bates & Peters, 1983], and this can also be generalized to any probe the test probe follows through the medium. In this case, the reader can review [Bates & Peters, 1983]. It is interesting to note that the RT and the projection have important properties, which can be stated as follows: 1.…”

Section: Properties Of Parallel Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the experimental context, the parallel-ray tomography can be obtained when there is a medium in which the sample is immersed is very similar respect to the test object. This effect is known as refractionless limits, and there are sever examples of test probes that satisfy this condition: the X-rays that cross the human body [Bates & Peters, 1983], the positrons that emerge from an animal due to a radioactive isotope that has been introduced into it [Kak, 1979], or a light wave crossing a phase object that has been submerged in oil to equalize de refraction index [Goodman, 1985]. This discussion is focused on the study of only one slice of the object.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%