Overview of Crosstalk Between Multiple Factor of Transcytosis in Blood Brain Barrier

Abstract

Blood brain barrier (BBB) conserves unique regulatory system to maintain barrier tightness while allowing adequate transport between neurovascular units. This mechanism possess a challenge for drug delivery, while abnormality may result in pathogenesis. Communication between vascular and neural system is mediated through paracellular and transcellular (transcytosis) pathway. Transcytosis itself showed dependency with various components, focusing on caveolae-mediated. Among several factors, intense communication between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes is the key for a normal development. Regulatory signaling pathway such as VEGF, Notch, S1P, PDGFβ, Ang/Tie, and TGF-β showed interaction with the transcytosis steps. Recent discoveries showed exploration of various factors which has been proven to interact with one of the process of transcytosis, either endocytosis, endosomal rearrangement, or exocytosis. As well as providing a hypothetical regulatory pathway between each factors, specifically miRNA, mechanical stress, various cytokines, physicochemical, basement membrane and junctions remodeling, and crosstalk between developmental regulatory pathways. Finally, various hypotheses and probable crosstalk between each factors will be expressed, to point out relevant research application (Drug therapy design and BBB-on-a-chip) and unexplored terrain.

Intranasal insulin modulates cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized trial

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Long Non Coding RNA Based Regulation of Cerebrovascular Endothelium

“…Signals from the pericytes and astrocytes and basement membrane also influence the maintenance of BBB ( Daneman et al, 2010 ; Obermeier et al, 2013 ). The different cellular pathways involved in BBB establishment and permeability have been summarized recently ( Tjakra et al, 2019 ).…”

The promising shadow of microbubble over medical sciences: from fighting wide scope of prevalence disease to cancer eradication

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