“…It is considered a high-stakes environment that prioritises learning assessment, although there is recent advocacy by its Ministry of Education toward assessment for learning. At the primary school level, students sit for the Primary School Assessment in Year 6 and proceed to either a four-year programme (Years 7 to 10, ages 12 to 15 years) or a five-year programme (Years 7 to 11, ages 12 to 16 years) at the secondary school level (Ebil & Shahrill, 2023;Ministry of Education, 2013;Shahrill et al, 2022). Since all students in both programmes follow the same curriculum in Years 7 and 8, they all sit for the Student Progress Assessment.…”