Overview of EMAC-95 snow and ice airborne campaign in Finland

Hallikainen, M.; Ahola, P.; Rautiainen, K.; Pihlflyckt, J.; Tirri, T.; Mäkynen, M.; Lahtinen, J.; Servomaa, Henri; Makkonen, P.; Grandell, J.; Kemppinen, M.; Nikulainen, M.; Taskinen, H.; Tauriainen, S.; Roschier, M.

doi:10.1109/igarss.1996.516868

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Norwegian part of the snow experiment of the European Multi-sensor Airborne Campaign (EMAC'95) (Hallikainen et al 1996) was performed at Kongsfjellet, Norway (66 ‡ N, 14 ‡ E). The snow test field covers altitudes from about 400 m to 1100 m and the size of the area is approximately 60 km 2 .…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully polarimetric airborne SAR and ERS SAR observations of snow: implications for selection of ENVISAT ASAR modes

Guneriussen

Johnsen

2003

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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Snow cover has a substantial impact on processes involved in the interaction between atmosphere and surface, and the knowledge of snow parameters is important in both climatology and weather forecasting. With the upcoming launch of Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instruments on Envisat, enhanced snow-mapping capabilities are foreseen. In this paper fully polarimetric C-and L-band airborne SAR data, ERS SAR and auxiliary data from various snow conditions in mountainous areas are analysed in order to determine the optimum ASAR modes for snow monitoring. The data used in this study are from the Norwegian part of the snow and ice experiment within the European Multi-sensor Airborne Campaign (EMAC'95) acquired in the Kongsfjellet area, located in Norway, 66 ‡ N, 14 ‡ E. Fully polarimetric C-and L-band SAR data from ElectroMagnetic Institute SAR (EMISAR), an airborne instrument operated by the Danish Center for Remote Sensing (DCR), were acquired in March, May, and July 1995. In addition, several ERS SAR, airborne photos, field and auxiliary data were acquired.A larger separation between wet snow and bare ground in EMISAR C-VV polarisation data was found at high incidence angle (55 ‡) compared to lower incidence angle (45 ‡). Cross-polarized observations from bare ground, dry and wet snow in the incidence angle range 35 ‡ to 65 ‡ are below the specified Envisat ASAR noise floor of -20-22 dB. The backscattering angular dependency for wet snow and bare ground derived from EMISAR C-VV and ERS SAR data corresponds well, and agrees to some extent with volume and surface scattering model results. The C-band is more sensitive to variation in snow properties than the L-band.

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Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully polarimetric airborne SAR and ERS SAR observations of snow: implications for selection of ENVISAT ASAR modes

Guneriussen

Johnsen

2003

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…The snow test line 4 of the ESA EMAC'95 campaign [2] was used. The maximum snow depth was about one meter.…”

Section: Test Site and Ancillary Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow measurements using the airborne HUTRAD system

Hallikainen¹,

Rautiainen²,

Koskinen³

1998

IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings.

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The HUTRAD microwave radiometer system (Jlelsinki University of Technology m i o m e t e r ) was used to collect airborne data on microwave emission from snowcovered terrain, including a variety of forest types and landuse categories in the Tuusula test site, southern Finland. The non-scanning subsystem measures the emission at 6.8, 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 94 GHz, simultaneously at vertical and horizontal polarization, using a look angle of 50° off nadir. The imaging subsystem operates at 93 GHz, vertical and horizontal polarization. Visual recording of the target was provided by a video camera. The measurement program was started in the winter of 1998 and it includes data collection under dry snow, wet snow, and snow-free conditions. BACKGROUND

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Overview of EMAC-95 snow and ice airborne campaign in Finland

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Fully polarimetric airborne SAR and ERS SAR observations of snow: implications for selection of ENVISAT ASAR modes

Fully polarimetric airborne SAR and ERS SAR observations of snow: implications for selection of ENVISAT ASAR modes

Snow measurements using the airborne HUTRAD system

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