Overview of immunological &amp; virological factors driving the evolution &amp; global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Ramasamy, Ranjan

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2591_22

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Many vaccinated persons have experienced breakthrough infections from SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying multiple mutations in S that have been selected to evade neutralization with vaccine-elicited antibodies [16,18]. However, S-based booster mRNA vaccines incorporating S from the recently widespread SARS-CoV-2 variants have yielded better protection in Nordic countries [44], suggesting that this approach is also relevant for inducing URT immunity.…”

Section: After Intramuscular Vaccination Of Infection-naïve Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goal of COVID-19 vaccination to date has been to prevent or minimize the development of severe disease and death, which is closely dependent on averting or rapidly eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infections in the URT. Immune responses needed in the URT for achieving this are also pertinent to two other key goals of vaccination, which are to reduce or eliminate transmission of the virus to uninfected persons [7] and maintain adequate immunity against newly evolving and rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants [7,16]. This article provides a current perspective on the types of vaccines and vaccination procedures that may have the potential to generate the desired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the URT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Ramasamy

2023

Viruses

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Rapid development and deployment of vaccines greatly reduced mortality and morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most widely used COVID-19 vaccines approved by national regulatory authorities require intramuscular administration. SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the upper respiratory tract, where the infection can be eliminated with little or no symptoms by an effective immune response. Failure to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract results in lower respiratory tract infections that can lead to severe disease and death. Presently used intramuscularly administered COVID-19 vaccines are effective in reducing severe disease and mortality, but are not entirely able to prevent asymptomatic and mild infections as well as person-to-person transmission of the virus. Individual and population differences also influence susceptibility to infection and the propensity to develop severe disease. This article provides a perspective on the nature and the mode of delivery of COVID-19 vaccines that can optimize protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract to reduce infections and virus transmission as well as severe disease.

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Section: After Intramuscular Vaccination Of Infection-naïve Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Ramasamy

2023

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Ramasamy

2023

Preprint

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Rapid development and deployment of vaccines greatly reduced mortality and morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most widely used COVID-19 vaccines approved by national regulatory authorities require intramuscular administration. SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the upper respiratory tract where the infection can be eliminated with little or no symptoms by an effective immune response. Failure to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract results in lower respiratory tract infections that can lead to severe disease and death. Presently used intramuscularly administered COVID-19 vaccines are effective in reducing severe disease and mortality but are not entirely able to prevent asymptomatic and mild infections as well as person to person transmission of the virus. Individual and population differences also influence susceptibility to infection and the propensity to develop severe disease. This article provides a perspective on the nature and the mode of delivery COVID-19 vaccines that can optimize protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract to reduce infections and virus transmission as well as severe disease.

show abstract

Overview of immunological & virological factors driving the evolution & global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Cited by 2 publications

References 100 publications

COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

COVID-19 Vaccines for Optimizing Immunity in the Upper Respiratory Tract

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