Overview of immunology of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Sathiyasekar, Anisha Cynthia; Chandrasekar, Pavithra; Pakash, Arul; Kumar, K U Goma; Jaishlal, M S

doi:10.4103/0975-7406.191974

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although there is increased incidence in old age, which may be related to the immunosuppression, occurrence of tumors in young age may be attributed to their habits. 12 In our study, the patients with strong LHR (TILs) (70% and above) had good DFS when compared to the patients with weak LHR (< 70%). A better approach would be to quantify CD4, CD8 and Treg, which may involve more immunohistochemistry studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Lymphocytic Host Response and other Prognostic Factors in Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Aswin

Swaminathan

Sundersingh

et al. 2023

South Asian J Cancer

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Introduction The tongue is the most common site of malignancy in the oral cavity, and squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest histology. The prognosis remains unfavorable despite treatment, resulting in higher mortality rates. Early stage carcinoma of the tongue is a distinct entity and is primarily treated with either surgery or radiotherapy. Various factors have been implicated in the prognosis of early stage tongue carcinomas. The main objective of this study is to access whether the lymphocytic host response (LHR) and other prognostic factors influence the survival. Patients and Methods The data of 129 patients with Stage I and Stage II (T1-2, N0) tongue cancer treated in our institute from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively abstracted from the hospital case records. The various clinical and pathological factors were recorded. The Kaplan–Meier model was used for survival analysis. The disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS) with respect to stage and LHR were calculated. Results On multivariate analysis, site of lesion, comorbidities, habits, grade of the tumor, perineural infiltration (PNI) did not influence the survival. The main factor which was found to be significant in DFS was LHR. The DFS was better for the patients who had lymphocytic infiltration of ≥ 70% (strong LHR) when compared with <70%(weak LHR) (p = 0.037). The OS with respect to stage (p = 0.608) and LHR (p = 0.164) was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The patients with weak LHR had less DFS when compared with patients with strong LHR. Larger studies are needed to evaluate whether adding adjuvant therapy may benefit the patients with weak LHR in early stage tongue cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Lymphocytic Host Response and other Prognostic Factors in Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Aswin

Swaminathan

Sundersingh

et al. 2023

South Asian J Cancer

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“…In case 4, there is an intense infiltration of TILs, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, in the absence of PD-L1 expression, initially suggesting tumor immunogenicity. Sathiyasekar et al 14 point out that the higher density of infiltration of mononuclear cells related to carcinoma is associated with greater cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and with a better prognosis for OSCC patients. On the other hand, it was showed that, despite being present, CD8+ T cells showed reduced cytotoxic action and low IFN-γ production in lesions and peripheral blood, suggesting less effectiveness in the immune response or in the regulatory activity in OSCC cases 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluación inmunopatológica de carcinomas orales de células escamosas: serie de casos

de Souza,

Santos,

Araújo

et al. 2023

GAMO

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The evaluation of the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-L1) is an eligibility criterion for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Other components of tissue microenvironment should also be evaluated.Here, four cases of oral squamous cells carcinoma were reported. Histopathological analysis of tumor grade and TILs and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 was done. The cases were classified according to the tissue microenvironment in adaptive immune resistance, immunological ignorance, tolerance, or intrinsic induction. This analysis highlights the importance of understanding the immunological microenvironment that the OSCC can present for the identification of more effective therapeutic targets against the disease.

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“…3). 92,[280][281][282][283] OSCC evades the immune surveillance of their hosts by employing a variety of molecular-level strategies. First, a high mutational burden in OSCC caused by smoking and alcohol abuse-induced DNA damage facilitates immune evasion.…”

Section: Immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions

Tan,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Int J Oral Sci

140

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.

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Overview of immunology of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

Lymphocytic Host Response and other Prognostic Factors in Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Lymphocytic Host Response and other Prognostic Factors in Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Center

Evaluación inmunopatológica de carcinomas orales de células escamosas: serie de casos

Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions

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