Overview of in-situ applicable nitrate removal processes

Rocca, Claudio Della; Belgıorno, Vincenzo; Meriç, Süreyya

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.023

Cited by 244 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Most of these technologies focus 62 on ex situ treatments, which are inherently more expensive than in situ treatments due to 63 energy consumption and the interference with surface activities (e.g., building a treatment 64 plant) (Della Rocca et al, 2007). Biological denitrification, which is known as Enhanced In situ 65 4 Biodenitrification (EIB), has environmental and economic advantages over other methods 66 because it is simple, selective, and cost effective (Smith et al, 2001).…”

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Modeling biogeochemical processes and isotope fractionation of enhanced in situ biodenitrification in a fractured aquifer

et al. 2016

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15Enhanced in situ biodenitrification (EIB) is a feasible technology to clean nitrate-polluted 16 groundwater and reach drinking water standards. Aimed at enabling a better monitoring and 17 management of the technology at the field scale, we developed a two-dimensional reactive 18 transport model (RTM) of a cross section (26.5 x 4 m) of a fractured aquifer composed of marls 19 involving both biogeochemical processes and associated isotope fractionation. The RTM was 20 based on the upscaling of a previously developed batch-scale model and on a flow model that 21 was constructed and calibrated on in situ pumping and tracer tests. The RTM was validated 22 using the experimental data provided by Vidal-Gavilan et al. (2013) . C-Calcite). 27Most of the calibrated microbiological parameter values at field scale did not change more 28 than one order of magnitude from those obtained at batch scale, which indicates that 29 parameters determined at the batch scale can be used as initial estimates to reproduce field 30 observations provided that groundwater flow is well known. In contrast, the calcite 31 precipitation rate constant increased significantly (fifty times) with respect to batch scale. The 32 incorporation of isotope fractionation into the model allowed to confirm the overall 33 consistency of the model and to test the practical usefulness of assessing the efficiency of EIB 34 through the Rayleigh equation approach. The large underestimation of the Rayleigh equation 35 of the extent of EIB (from 10 to 50 %) was caused by the high value of hydrodynamic 36 dispersion observed in this fractured aquifer together with the high reaction rates. 37 Keywords 38Denitrification; Groundwater; Calcite precipitation; Reactive transport modeling; Up-scaling 39 3 Introduction 40Nitrate is one of the most prevalent and common groundwater contaminants (European 41 Environment Agency, 2007; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2008; 42 Rivett et al., 2008). Excessive ingestion of nitrates from polluted drinking water and their 43 subsequent conversion to nitrites can induce methemoglobinemia in humans and potentially 44 play a role in the development of cancers (Fan and Steinberg, 1996;Fewtrell, 2004; Höring and 45 Chapman, 2004). Therefore, the European Union has established maximum concentrations of 46 nitrate and nitrite in drinking water of 50 mg/l for nitrate and 0.5 mg/l for nitrite. The 47 proportions of groundwater bodies at high risk of nitrate pollution (showing mean nitrate 48 concentrations greater than 25 mg/l) were reported as 80% in Spain, 50% in the UK, 36% in 49Germany, 34% in France and 32% in Italy (European Environment Agency, 2007). The high 50 nitrate concentrations decrease the availability of water for domestic uses. Consequently, 51 many water supply wells have been abandoned (Gierczak et al., 2007). Due to its minimal cost, 52 the most common solution to nitrate pollution has been to mix polluted and clean 53 groundwater. Nevertheless, this solution is extremely limited ...

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Modeling biogeochemical processes and isotope fractionation of enhanced in situ biodenitrification in a fractured aquifer

et al. 2016

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“…Different technologies are available to reduce the concentration of nitrates in drinking water, such as Biological Denitrification, Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis and Electrodialysis [9,11].…”

Section: Electrodialysis Aapplied To Nitrate Contaminated Potable Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis in Water Treatment

Bernardes

Rodrigues

2013

Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

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This chapter focuses on the uses of electrodialysis and specially electrodialysis reversal for the treatment of brackish and groundwater to produce drinking water. Over the last 10-15 years, numerous advances in membrane and system technologies have made EDR an especially attractive technology, both in terms of performance and cost effectiveness. Many applications of EDR technology can be found around the world and different applications are shown here.

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“…Physical and chemical processes such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange and electrodialysis are considered the best available technologies (BAT) to treat nitrate-contaminated water (Haugen et al 2002). In spite of the high efficiency to remove nitrate, BATs are expensive and present an elevated technological complexity (Della Rocca et al 2007) compared to biological nitrate removal (Robertson et al 2000;Su and Puls 2006;). Nitrate can be reduced mainly to dinitrogen gas by the activity of heterotrophic bacteria using organic carbon as the source of electrons (Rivett et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, solid carbon sources (e.g. chitin, cotton, sawdust, wheat straw, poly-b-hydroxybutyrate, poly-e-caprolactone, and polylactic acid) that simultaneously serve as a biofilm carrier and as a source of organic carbon for denitrification were tested mainly at laboratory scale (Hiraishi and Khan 2003;Della Rocca et al 2005;Della Rocca et al 2007;Soejima et al 2010). The use of cotton provided a good nitrate removal performance, but total organic carbon was consistently released to the water (Della Rocca et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A poly-ε-caprolactone based biofilm carrier for nitrate removal from water

Rodrigues

Machado

Nóbrega

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Nitrate removal from water has been accomplished by heterotrophic biofilms using organic carbon as a source of reducing power. To overcome the natural limitation in organic carbon in water, a poly-e-caprolactone based biofilm carrier that serves simultaneously as a biofilm carrier and as a source of organic carbon was developed and tested in the present work. The feasibility of the new biofilm carrier for nitrate removal from water was evaluated in a packed bed reactor. The combination of size and structure provided a carrier element having high surface area and void volume, 1,170 m 2 /m 3 and 67 %, respectively. A maximum denitrification rate of 4.4 mg N-NO 3 -/(L.h) (9.2 mg N-NO 3 -/(m 2 .h)) was achieved in the packed bed reactor at 20°C and pH 7.0. Main advantages of the biofilm carrier developed in the present work are its mechanical stability in water even after biofilm formation and controlled release of organic carbon by enzymatic reactions. The proposed biotechnology to remove nitrate from groundwater is robust and easy to operate.

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Overview of in-situ applicable nitrate removal processes

Cited by 244 publications

References 69 publications

Modeling biogeochemical processes and isotope fractionation of enhanced in situ biodenitrification in a fractured aquifer

Modeling biogeochemical processes and isotope fractionation of enhanced in situ biodenitrification in a fractured aquifer

Electrodialysis in Water Treatment

A poly-ε-caprolactone based biofilm carrier for nitrate removal from water

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