Overview of inflammation

Study of Histological Effects of Liver, Kidney and Structural Abnormalities of Pregnant Rat Fetuses Treated With Lercanidipine

“…The results of drying the skeletons of the current study in the fetuses of pregnant rats treated with lercanidipine at concentrations (10), 20 (mg / kg) during (16, 20) days of pregnancy showed various deformities in the skeleton such as the small size of the fetus in general and the lack of ossification of its skeleton on the day of ( 16) from pregnancy as shown in the pictures (21, 22), while the deformities on the 20th day of pregnancy were deformation of the cranial bones, the loss of a number of phalanges of the upper and lower limbs, the loss of some caudal vertebrae and the shortening of the skeleton, causing a small size of the fetuses, as shown in the pictures (28, 27, 26, 25) respectively, when compared with the skeletons of fetuses in the control group for the same two gestational days (16,20) The results of the histological study of the livers and kidneys of fetuses of pregnant animals treated with lercanidipine at two concentrations (10 and 20) mg / kg, from the first day of pregnancy until the periods 16 and 20 days of pregnancy numerous negative histological changes suggestive of the danger of using the drug during pregnancy, whose effect on tissues increased as the duration of pregnancy increased and the concentration of the drug increased when compared with the histological structure of the livers and kidneys of pregnant rat fetuses in control groups and for the same gestational periods, 16 days and 20 days respectively, numerous negative histological changes suggestive of the danger of using the drug during pregnancy, whose effect on tissues increased as the duration of pregnancy increased and the concentration of the drug increased when compared with the histological structure of the livers and kidneys of pregnant rat fetuses in control groups and for the same gestational periods, 16 days and 20 days, respectively, it is possible to explain these results of the current study that the drug has the ability to pass through the placenta, causing cases of crash and deterioration during its passage between the cells and tissues of the embryos which is characterized by its weak ability to confront these harmful effects with the lack and weakness of its defensive devices, which are characterized by the beginning of their formation as a catalyst during the passage of pathological and toxic effects, because the drug has an effect on energy production in mitochondria, causing tissue ischemia (lschemia) due to a defect in energy production (ATP) and synthesized proteins due to irregular concentrations of calcium (C++) between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum [10], likewise, the drug under study may affect the electron transport chain, enzymatic activities, and organic acid consumption rates, enhancing protein toxicity and thus the production of reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen species ROS. It may also affect the imbalance of mitochondrial permeability in different cases, causing shrinkage and swelling, and this is what was shown by the study of [12], Or the reason for this result may be the effect on the placenta due to the drug and the lack of blood supply, which plays an essential and effective role in the lack of nutrients and oxygen, resulting in malnutrition and a defect in the formation of tissues for the various organs in the body, including the studied organs (liver and kidneys) and stimulating the deterioration and degeneration of cells Others necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, smashing of the central veins, enlargement of some cells, bleeding, congestion, atrophy, laceration, and selfdestruction of cells [...…”

“…After preparing histological sections of the livers and kidneys of pregnant rat fetuses during pregnancy stages (16,20) days, respectively, the histological sections were examined by a compound microscope at (40x) magnification.…”

“…The results of the current study showed when the skeletons of fetuses of female rats were healed during pregnancy ( 16) days, the complete lack of ossification of the skeletons, and the study also showed the presence of various structural deformities at the stage of pregnancy (20) days and with two concentrations (10,20) mg / kg of lercanidipine, Among the most important of these deformities is the loss of some caudal vertebrae, the loss of some phalanx bones of the fore and hind limbs, deformations of some bones of the skull, and delayed ossification of cartilage, these deformities also increased with the increase in drug concentration, when compared to the translucent structures of normal fetuses of control groups and for the same gestational periods of 16 and 20 days, in view of the lack or absence of adequate studies on the effect of lercanidipine on the structural composition of fetuses of rats during different stages of pregnancy, it is possible to explain the result of this study to the effect of this drug on the process of formation of cartilage and bone through its effect on calcium concentrations in the blood, and because these ions are of great importance in the formation of cartilage and bone, as the disturbance of calcium ions and not allowing them to enter the cells leads to defects and deformities in the structure of the bones, and it is possible that they affected the cartilage inhibitors, as this leads to suppressing the expression of collagen II and proteoglycans, as the study showed the dependence of the functions of chondrocytes On the balance of intracellular ions such as calcium Ca++, potassium K+, and sodium Na+ [15], or the reason may be due to the lack of access to the materials necessary for the formation of bones in the embryos, either because of a defect in the passage through the placenta because of the drug, or because of the harmful effects of the drug on the mother, including anemia, which affects the health of the mother and thus the health and safety of the fetus, and the process of delaying the formation of cartilage in the fetus An essential role in the lack of cartilage ossification and thus a defect in the formation of bone for fetuses [16], or the drug may have a negative effect on the osteoblast cells, while the drug may affect the activation and differentiation of osteoclast cells, leading as a result to erosion and bone resorption, causing disturbances in bone formation during the different stages of embryonic formation, or the free radicals generated in the bodies of fetuses as a result of treating pregnant animals with the drug may play a role They play major roles in the ossification of the skeleton or the loss of some of its parts through their influence on cells and their damage.…”