Overview of Late Outcome of Medical and Surgical Treatment for Takayasu Arteritis

Improved Prognosis of Takayasu Arteritis Over the Past Decade

“…However, the treatment approach has tended to shift slightly toward less invasive endovascular treatment. 27 It is reported that the restenosis rate after bypass procedures is between 5% and 31%, with a follow-up period of 0.6-6.2 years; further, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stenting has a much higher restenosis rate than the former (12-71.4% with a follow-up period of 0.5-5 years). 28 Moreover, the restenosis rate was reduced when surgical treatment was performed during the inactive stage of the disease, and when the patient was treated with both glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents.…”

Efficacy of Biological-Targeted Treatments in Takayasu Arteritis

“…Among the 49 TA patients, 70 lines of biological-targeting treatments were used during the follow-up after a median of 3 DMARDs (range, [1][2][3][4][5] …”

“…NIH score (2 [1][2][3][4] At least 1 switch to another biological-targeting treatment was necessary during the follow-up in 40% and 29% of patients receiving TNF-α antagonists and tocilizumab, respectively ( Figure 1). …”

Takayasu Arteritis

“…8 In early or pre-pulseless phase, nonspecific findings such as fever, weight loss, fatigue, headache, night sweats are observed. In serial case studies, it is stated that the most common cause of delayed diagnosis is due to the non-specific findings in the acute phase, which last for three months or several years, and even some cases might present with stenotic phase.…”