Overview of Litchi Production in the World With Specific Reference to China

Chen, H.B.; Xian-jin, Huang

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2014.1029.1

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Table 2 shows the d(0.5), D (3,2), and D(4,3) average sizes for the unsonicated control and the sonicated lychee starches. Average particle sizes fell in the range of 14.27-10.43 μm for d(0.5), 11.48-8.50 μm for D (3,2), and 21.48-17.40 μm for D (4,3). The ultrasound intensity and time had a significant negative effect on the average particle size, an effect that can be ascribed to the disruption of the granule integrity by ultrasonic cavitation.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lychee starch granules showed a monomodal particle size distribution, with a maximum peak at about 4.1-4.8 μm. Table 2 shows the d(0.5), D (3,2), and D(4,3) average sizes for the unsonicated control and the sonicated lychee starches. Average particle sizes fell in the range of 14.27-10.43 μm for d(0.5), 11.48-8.50 μm for D (3,2), and 21.48-17.40 μm for D (4,3).…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fruit is grown and harvested in DOI: 10.1002/star.202100092 many subtropical areas, with an estimated world annual production of ∼3.5 million tons. [1] Lychee is small, round, and ovalshaped, and is non-climacteric with a shelf life at room temperature of less than 72 h. [2] The seed of lychee fruit is considered a waste with an estimated availability of ∼0.6 million tons of seeds per year. Lychee seed is rich in starch, which has not been accurately characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Seed Starch: Physicochemical and Functional Properties

et al. 2021

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High-power ultrasound (HPU) is a non-thermal processing method that has been researched and used in the last years. The application of ultrasound can modify and improve some technologically important compounds such as starch. This research aimed to examine the effect of ultrasound treatment on yield, physicochemical, and functional properties of lychee seed starch (LS). HPU experimental conditions used were sonication time (5 and 20 min) and amplitude (40% and 70% ). Starch yield significantly increased with increasing ultrasound amplitude and time. The ultrasound did not change the morphology and shape of the granules but caused cracks in their surface. Surface damage induced an increase in amylose content, relative crystallinity, enthalpy of gelatinization, swelling power, solubility index, and acid hydrolysis of the starch. These results indicate that ultrasound mainly affected the amorphous starch region. The morphology, size, color, rheological and thermal characteristics, crystal structure, and structural order features of the untreated and ultrasound-treated LSs were compared. A principal component analysis was carried out to assess the effect of the ultrasound treatment on LS characteristics.

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Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Seed Starch: Physicochemical and Functional Properties

et al. 2021

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“…Litchi fruit is having high commercial value (Baoyao et al, 2011) and demand world over (Pandey et al, 2013). China is the main producing country, and now this fruit is cultivated in many parts of the world, with an annual production between 2.6 and 2.8 Mt (Chen and Huang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit production and quality evaluation of four litchi cultivars (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in Mediterranean climate

Farina

Gianguzzi

D'Asaro

et al. 2017

Fruits

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Introduction -The agronomic and qualitative responses of the litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in Mediterranean climate are not yet studied. In this study, yield components, physico-chemical and sensory traits of four commercial litchi cultivars were recorded over two productive seasons. Materials and methods -Fruits of the cvs Tai So, Wai Chee, Brewster and Kwai Mai were collected at commercial maturity stage and subjected to productive (yield, efficiency, number of fruits, crop load), analytical (fruit weight, transversal diameter, longitudinal diameter, moisture, total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, seed weight, peel weight, percentage of flesh and fiber, ash, fat, protein contents, K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents, vitamin B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C contents), and sensory evaluations. Results and discussion -Even if the climatic conditions prevailing in Sicily differ from those of most litchigrowing regions, the four observed cultivars generally showed yields and fruit qualitative characteristics in line with the affirmed cultivar harvested in many tropical areas. 'Tai So' in addition to its reasonable yielding, physicochemical traits, contents of protein and vitamin, had the highest sensory appeal. 'Kwai Mai' showed interesting percentage of flesh, TSS/TA and flesh mineral composition. 'Brewster' and 'Wai Chee' revealed interesting ground colour, vit. B 2 and vit. C contents. On the other hand, 'Brewster' and 'Tai So' presented alternate bearing causing to lose a market year. Conclusion -These results suggest the possibility to produce litchi in Mediterranean climate with promising yields and an elevated standard of fruit quality. Keywords Italy, litchi (Litchi chinensis), physico-chemical properties, fruit quality, micronutrient composition, yield component Résumé Production et évaluation qualitative des fruits de quatre cultivars de litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivés sous climat méditerranéen subtropical.

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“…This production is very heterogeneous among the 16 major producing countries with the net dominance of China, which comprises nearly 70% of the world production (table I) [1,2]. The distribution between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere is totally unbalanced, with 95% of world production by the north.…”

Section: The Lychee On the European Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns

Jahiel¹,

Andreas²,

Penot³

2014

Fruits

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-Lychee on the European markets.With approximately 2.8 Mt of annual global production, lychee constitutes a minor fruit in terms of production. The world production is mainly located in the northern hemisphere (95%). However, most of the quantity exported to the EU comes from the southern hemisphere. In this context, with its 100,000 t of annual production, Madagascar is ranked fourth in the producing world and first in the southern hemisphere producing countries. This rank is due to the fact that supplies in the EU are seasonal and mainly concentrated during the end of the year holiday season. This market can only be supplied in quantity by the Malagasy lychee because of its earlier date of harvest in the Indian Ocean. The lychee industry in Madagascar. Lychee cultivation in Madagascar dates from the early twentieth century. It is primarily grown in wet tropical lowlands of the island with some production in areas with a subtropical climate with dry and cool winters. The stand is not structured into orchards. Therefore, the volumes currently exported are based on a stand established by a multitude of small producers. The characteristics of Malagasy lychee export and the consequences of the production context on export are analyzed. Changes in European legislation on lychee importation. The regulatory changes since 1987 and the commercial developments since 1994 are reviewed by analyzing the resulting effects on the Malagasy lychee exports. Learning experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns. Data on Malagasy lychee export campaigns from 1996 to 2012 and the history of the changes in volumes exported allow a close analysis of the factors affecting the Malagasy lychee industry. Success factors of the Malagasy lychee exports. These factors are related to securing market position and to the components of a marketing campaign (supply date to the European market, exported volumes and competition from produce from other countries). Conclusions. Lychees from Madagascar, although marketed for a very brief period, currently occupy the first rank on the European markets and have managed, through the development of transport logistics using very large-capacity cargoes, to eliminate all competition. However, this sector is mainly structured downstream and its production, which comprises a network of 30,000 small producers, has been neglected. This lack of intervention (boosting of production, improving crop management, etc.) upstream of the chain does not support sustaining the industry in the medium term.Madagascar / Litchi chinensis / production data / production structure / exports / modes of transport / regulations / quality control Expérience de quinze années de campagnes d'exportation du litchi malgache.Résumé -Le litchi sur les marchés européens. Avec une production annuelle mondiale de 2,8 Mt, le litchi est classé comme un fruit mineur. La production mondiale se situe principalement dans l'hémisphère nord (95 %). Cependant, la plupart des quantités exportées vers l'UE provient de l'hé...

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Overview of Litchi Production in the World With Specific Reference to China

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Seed Starch: Physicochemical and Functional Properties

Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Seed Starch: Physicochemical and Functional Properties

Fruit production and quality evaluation of four litchi cultivars (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) grown in Mediterranean climate

Experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns

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