“…Representative methods are the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method developed by Lucy (1977), Gingold and Monaghan (1977), and the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method developed by Koshizuka and Oka (1996). In the past two decades, owing to significant advancements in stability and accuracy, boundary treatments, physical models, acceleration techniques, and computational environment, the SPH and MPS methods have been applied to a variety of applications in ocean engineering, coastal engineering, naval engineering, civil engineering, nuclear engineering, and mechanical engineering (Violeau and Issa, 2007;Koshizuka, 2011;Gotoh and Khayyer, 2016;Violeau and Rogers, 2016;Shadloo et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016;Koshizuka et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2019;Liu and Zhang, 2019;Lind et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2021;Xie et al, 2022).…”