Overview of nanogel and its applications

Abstract

Nanogel have emerged as a versatile drug delivery system for encapsulation of guest molecules. A nanoparticle which is composed of hydrophilic polymer network known as Nanogel having range from 100-200nm. Nanogel have swellable and degradation properties with high drug loading capacity, high stability, sustained and targetable manner, large surface area. Therefore, nanogel are more productive than conventional and micro-sized delivery. In recent year in the field of biotechnology nanogel were prominently used to deal with genetics, enzyme immobilization and protein synthesis. Moreover, it has productive asset for the development of novel therapeutic system in medicine. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular biomacromolecules, therapeutics, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules. This review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier system, Synthesis of nanogels, Types of Physical and chemical crosslinked nanogels, Stimuli responsive behavior, In vivo behavior, Therapeutic drug carrier, marketed formulation of Nanogels and the last part of review summarizes the applications of nanogels in various diseases. Transdermal drug delivery, diabetes, anti-inflammatory, vaginal drug delivery, neurodegenerative diseases, ocular dieses, autoimmune disease, and anticancer treatment for specially targeting the cancer cells, thereby reducing uptake into healthy cells. This nanogel drug delivery is a phenomenal system, and further depth study is required to explore their interaction at cellular and molecular levels and minimize the challenges.

Hydrogel nanoparticles as new drug delivery system for CNS disorders

“…The cells exhibit a range of cytoplasmic and membrane-associated enzymes that efficiently break down physiologically active medicines, as well as transport proteins and ion channels. [29] The distinct enzymatic processes and polarized expression of proteins are significant factors to consider when designing drug carriers that specifically target the brain. [30]…”

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“…Drugs that must be delivered continuously or have negative side effects on tissue other than the intended target can also be prepared for topical administration 14 .…”