Overview of neurodevelopment and pain research, possible treatment targets

Walker, Suellen M.

doi:10.1016/j.berh.2014.03.007

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 130 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Urge-to-cough precedes the motor response and thus may allow higher brain centers to activate those efferent inhibitory pathways in situations ranging from basic survival to social embarrassment (Gracely et al, 2007 ). Recent advances in pain research have pointed slow maturation of endogenous inhibitory descending pathways (Fitzgerald and Walker, 2009 ; Hathway et al, 2012 ) that may therefore be less efficient throughout childhood compared to adulthood (La Hausse de Lalouvière et al, 2014 ; Walker, 2014 ). As pain and cough share many similarities, it can be speculated that increased central processing of the nociceptive information caused by reduced descending inhibition may result in higher cough outcomes related to environmental pollution during childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Numerous studies show higher cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) and cough outcomes in children compared to adults and in females compared to males. Despite close link that exists between cough and environment the potential influence of environmental air pollution on age- and gender -related differences in cough has not been studied yet.Purpose: The purpose of our study was to analyse whether the effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from parental smoking and PM10 from living in urban area are implied in age- and gender-related differences in cough outcomes of healthy, non-asthmatic children. Assessment of CRS using capsaicin and incidence of dry and wet cough was performed in 290 children (mean age 13.3 ± 2.6 years (138 females/152 males).Results: CRS was significantly higher in girls exposed to ETS [22.3 μmol/l (9.8–50.2 μmol/l)] compared to not exposed girls [79.9 μmol/l (56.4–112.2 μmol/l), p = 0.02] as well as compared to exposed boys [121.4 μmol/l (58.2–253.1 μmol/l), p = 0.01]. Incidence of dry cough lasting more than 3 weeks was significantly higher in exposed compared to not exposed girls. CRS was significantly higher in school-aged girls living in urban area [22.0 μmol/l (10.6–45.6 μmol/l)] compared to school-aged girls living in rural area [215.9 μmol/l (87.3–533.4 μmol/l); p = 0.003], as well as compared to teenage girls living in urban area [108.8 μmol/l (68.7–172.9 μmol/l); p = 0.007]. No CRS differences were found between urban and rural boys when controlled for age group. No CRS differences were found between school-aged and teenage boys when controlled for living area.Conclusions: Our results have shown that the effect of ETS on CRS was gender specific, linked to female gender and the effect of PM10 on CRS was both gender and age specific, related to female gender and school-age. We suggest that age and gender related differences in incidence of cough and CRS might be, at least partially, ascribed to the effect of environmental pollutants. The role of age and gender in the effect of air pollution on cough strongly suggest some interplay of development with biological and behavioral factors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Repetitive untreated pain and distress can impair the developing brain and have both short-and longterm negative consequences [62,63]. For example, neonatal inflammatory pain decreases locomotor activity in adult rats [64] and decreases pain sensitivity later in life, though more so in females than in males [65].…”

Section: (B) Postnatal Exposure To Opiatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of sex differences in the effects of early-life opiate and alcohol exposure

Terasaki¹,

Gomez²,

Schwarz³

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One contribution of 16 to a theme issue 'Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain'. Early-life exposure to drugs and alcohol is one of the most preventable causes of developmental, behavioural and learning disorders in children. Thus a significant amount of basic, animal and human research has focused on understanding the behavioural consequences and the associated neural effects of exposure to drugs and alcohol during early brain development. Despite this, much of the previous research that has been done on this topic has used predominantly male subjects or rodents. While many of the findings from these male-specific studies may ultimately apply to females, the purpose of this review is to highlight the research that has also examined sex as a factor and found striking differences between the sexes in their response to early-life opiate and alcohol exposure. Finally, we will also provide a framework for scientists interested in examining sex as a factor in future experiments that specifically examine the consequences of early-life drug and alcohol exposure.

show abstract

“…Numerous studies have already shown alterations in cough reflex characteristics throughout childhood and adolescence (Chang, 2005; Varechova et al, 2008; Ioan et al, 2014) owing to developmental changes in respiratory anatomy and physiology (Becklake and Kauffmann, 1999; Tulic et al, 2004), and evolving central processing of the nociceptive information (Walker, 2014). Recent advances in pain research have pointed toward the slow maturation of descending pathways inducing analgesia (Fitzgerald and Walker, 2009; Hathway et al, 2012) that may therefore be less efficient throughout childhood and early adolescence compared to adulthood (La Hausse de Lalouviere et al, 2014; Walker, 2014). The central processing of the afferent volley triggered by airway irritation may undergo similar developmental patterns of change resulting in less efficient suppression of cough in some children compared to adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-Regulation of Cough during Exercise Is Less Frequent in Healthy Children than Adults. Role of the Development and/or Atopy?

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cough is typically associated with physical activity in children with asthma, but the characteristics of the relationship between cough and exercise has not been established under physiological conditions. The aim of the study was to describe the effect of exercise on the reflex cough response elicited by a single breath of capsaicin in non-asthmatic children. A group of non-asthmatic adults was studied as reference. Thirty children and 29 adults were recruited. The cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin was first determined to establish the dose that provokes 5 cough efforts (C5). The number of coughs elicited by C5 (NC5) was then compared at baseline and during a standardized submaximal treadmill exercise. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range). Children and adults showed a significant decrease in NC5 (respectively from 5.0 (4.0–6.0) to 2.5 (2.0–4.0), p < 0.0005 and from 6.0 (5.0–7.0) to 2.0 (0.0–3.0, p < 0.0005). During exercise, NC5 was observed to decrease in all adult subjects, but in only 24/30 children (80%, p = 0.02). A trend for a higher incidence of personal and familial atopy was observed in children that lacked cough down-regulation during exercise compared with other children. It is concluded that the cough reflex response to capsaicin is down regulated by exercise in both children and adults. The effect however is less consistently observed in the former. The difference may reflect maturation of descending inhibitory pathways of the cough reflex, but may also be associated to atopy. The data stress the importance of assessing the time relationship of cough and exercise in questionnaire studies of asthma.

show abstract

Overview of neurodevelopment and pain research, possible treatment targets

Cited by 11 publications

References 130 publications

Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia

Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia

An examination of sex differences in the effects of early-life opiate and alcohol exposure

Down-Regulation of Cough during Exercise Is Less Frequent in Healthy Children than Adults. Role of the Development and/or Atopy?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About