Overview of Oral Chemolysis Types and Its Effectiveness in Treating Kidney Stones

Abstract

One of the most often diagnosed urological disorders is kidney stones with a prevalence which varies between 5% and 10% globally. In 1924, Crowell presented the first description of stone disintegration by direct irrigation. Since then, chemolysis-based dissolution therapy has been applied for the treatment of kidney stones in both primary and adjuvant settings, with different degrees of success. Depending on the type of stone, several chemolysis techniques can be applied. It has been suggested that d-penicillamine, tromethamine-E or tiopronin, and Nacetylcysteine can dissolve cystine stones. While phosphate stones are known to dissolve in acidic solutions. Renacidin and Suby G are two of the most common compounds used for chemolysis. Chemolysis can be utilized as a stand-alone therapy or as an adjuvant to shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or open stone removal. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about overview of oral chemolysis types and its effectiveness in treating kidney stones. Oral chemolysis is a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with kidney stones. However, oral chemolysis is infrequently used despite the potential benefit of avoiding stone surgery with all its potential risks. The absence of trustworthy predictors of its outcome and the scarcity of high-quality data on its effectiveness are two factors contributing to its restricted utilization further clinical trialbased research is therefore needed to elaborately study the efficacy profile of oral chemolysis on various stone sizes and types.