Overview of Polymer and Copolymer Materials for Organic Photovoltaics

Naphthalene diimide-based electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells

“…22 These third-generation devices are a promising cost-effective alternative to the conventional first-generation silicon-based solar cells as their main advantages include: ease of processing (solution processability), mechanical flexibility and versatility of chemical structures and properties from advances in organic chemistry. [23][24][25][26] However, their commercial viability and production is a considerable challenge for research and industry as they exhibit moderate efficiencies, lower stability and, in some cases, higher cost compared to conventional silicon-based solar cells. There are extensive efforts to solve these issues with the development of organic PV devices, in fact, the widespread commercialisation of PSCs is anticipated in the near future.…”

Prediction of the Synthesis of Spiro Derivatives by Double Intramolecular Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Using Reactivity Indices

“…4b In the organic photovoltaic field, the replacement of the phenyl moieties by heterocyclic units could be considered as a general trend to improve the performances of the corresponding materials. 6 Within this context, the chemical modification of the fluorene core, a promising arene candidate for OPV due to its rigidity, planarity, and stability toward photodegradation and thermal oxidation, 7 has received considerable attention. 8 The first approach consists of the replacement of the sp 3 bridging carbon by nitrogen (NR) or silicon (SiR 2 ) and has led to carbazole 9 or silafluorene 10 derivatives 7,11 as active materials in OSC.…”

“…Indeed, the spiro node seems to favor intermolecular interactions in the solid states associated with facilitated device fabrication because of an enhancement of the solubility . In the organic photovoltaic field, the replacement of the phenyl moieties by heterocyclic units could be considered as a general trend to improve the performances of the corresponding materials . Within this context, the chemical modification of the fluorene core, a promising arene candidate for OPV due to its rigidity, planarity, and stability toward photodegradation and thermal oxidation, has received considerable attention .…”

Spectroscopic characterization of C-4 substituted 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazines

“…1 p-Conjugated small molecules, oligomers and polymers, that are composed of heteroaromatic compounds e.g., pyrroles, carbazoles and thiophenes, have been successfully used in organic electronic devices. 2 The recent successes and the demand for more efficient optoelectronic devices have led to an intense search for new materials with improved physicochemical and electronic properties.…”

“…1). [6][7][8] In addition, several fused 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazines such as acenaphtho [5,6-cd] [1,2,6]thiadiazine (1), 9,10 and naphtho[1,8cd:4,5-c 0 d 0 ]bis( [1,2,6]thiadiazine) (2), 11 have been studied as examples of 'extreme quinoids' that have ambiguous aromatic character, while Torroba et al, 12,13 prepared cyclopenta [1,2,6]thiadiazines 3 and 4 starting from cyclic enaminonitriles, some of which displayed unusual liquid crystalline properties or behaved as near infra-red dyes (Fig. 2).…”