Overview of recent gyrotron R&amp;D towards DEMO within EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive

Avramidis, Konstantinos A.; Aiello, G.; Alberti, S.; Brucker, P. T.; Bruschi, A.; Chelis, Ioannis; Franke, Thomas; Gantenbein, G.; Garavaglia, S.; Genoud, J.; George, Marc; Granucci, G.; Grossetti, G.; Hogge, J.‐P.; Illy, S.; Ioannidis, Zisis C.; Jelonnek, John; Jin, Jianbo; Kalaria, P.; Latsas, George P.; Marek, Alexander; Pagonakis, Ioannis Gr.; Peponis, Dimitrios V.; Ruess, S.; Ruess, Tobias; Rzesnicki, T.; Scherer, T.; Schmid, Martin; Strauß, D.; Thumm, M.; Tigelis, I. G.; Wu, Chuanren; Zein, A.; Zisis, A.; Tran, M.Q.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab12f9

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A second option is a fast (speed is still to be defined on the basis of physics studies on NTM evolution) frequency step-tunable gyrotron, capable to operate within a limited bandwidth of approximately ± 10 GHz around one of the two frequencies for fine tuning of the absorption layer around the target positions of the instabilities. This kind of gyrotron [8] will be used with a broadband radio frequency (RF) output window (preferably a Brewster angle window), with a similar window also installed in the TL. The main requirements demanded to the TLs reflect in part the ones defined by the source: power handling of 2 MW continuous wave (CW) beams, multifrequency (or broadband) capability in addition to a transmission efficiency of 90% and nuclear safety.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EU DEMO EC equatorial launcher pre-conceptual performance studies

Garavaglia

Baiocchi

Bruschi

et al. 2020

Fusion Engineering and Design

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The preliminary conceptual design for the Electron Cyclotron (EC) system of the future European DEMOnstration fusion power plant is ongoing in the EUROfusion Consortium. This represents one of the key aspects in order to assess the performances and the integration capabilities of such a system in EU DEMO as well as in the alternative reactor configuration Flexi-DEMO. Different options for the antenna, namely remote steering antenna (RSA), open ended waveguides (OEWG) and the front steering antenna (FSA) later on renamed in mid steering antenna (MSA) to notify that the MSA is protected behind the breeding blanket (BB) in DEMO, are investigated, analyzing their performance for several injection angles and launch points. This activity considers the constraints given by physics and engineering requirements, as for example the maximum power per port and the necessary local current drive to stabilize neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) with a proper deposition width. The beam tracing calculations have been performed on different scenarios, providing information on plasma accessibility and deposited power. The microwave design and initial ideas about the ex-vessel EC transmission lines routing will be shown.

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Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EU DEMO EC equatorial launcher pre-conceptual performance studies

Garavaglia

Baiocchi

Bruschi

et al. 2020

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Gyrotrons have historically been developed mainly for plasma heating in fusion tokamak reactors [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The required microwave power for this application is however in the megawatt range and the frequency requirements are below those for the DNP-NMR application [14,15]. Other applications have also emerged in the past two decades where the required power is in the range of tens of watts to a few tens of kWs [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Harmonic 527-GHz Gyrotron for DNP-NMR: Design and Experimental Results

Jawla

Griffin

Mastovsky

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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We report the design and experimental demonstration of a frequency tunable terahertz gyrotron at 527 GHz built for an 800 MHz Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DNP-NMR) spectrometer. The gyrotron is designed at the second harmonic (ω = 2ω c ) of the electron cyclotron frequency. It produces up to 9.3 W continuous microwave (CW) power at 527.2 GHz frequency using a diode type electron gun operating at V = 16.65 kV, I b = 110 mA in a TE 11,2,1 mode, corresponding to an efficiency of ~0.5%. The gyrotron is tunable within ~ 0.4 GHz by combining voltage and magnetic field tuning. The gyrotron has an internal mode converter that produces a Gaussian-like beam that couples to the HE 11 mode of an internal 12 mm i.d. corrugated waveguide periscope assembly leading up to the output window. An external corrugated waveguide transmission line system is built including a corrugated taper from 12 mm to 16 mm i.d. waveguide followed by 3 m of the 16 mm i.d. waveguide The microwave beam profile is measured using a pyroelectric camera showing ~ 84% HE 11 mode content.

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“…The ED model has already been successfully validated against experimental results for a number of operating points, involving various high-power gyrotrons in short-pulse operation (<10 ms), e.g., the European 170 GHz 1 MW gyrotron for ITER [43], the 170 GHz 2 MW coaxial gyrotron at KIT [44] or the 140 GHz 1.5 MW gyrotron for W7-X [45]. Note that, in short-pulse operation, the cavity thermal expansion is negligible; hence, the ED model can be validated against experimental results without the need of TH and TM simulations.…”

Section: Validation Of the Ed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications

et al. 2021

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For a few years the multi-physics modelling of the resonance cavity (resonator) of MW-class continuous-wave gyrotrons, to be employed for electron cyclotron heating and current drive in magnetic confinement fusion machines, has gained increasing interest. The rising target power of the gyrotrons, which drives progressively higher Ohmic losses to be removed from the resonator, together with the need for limiting the resonator deformation as much as possible, has put more emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic and thermo-mechanic modeling of the cavity. To cope with that, a multi-physics simulator has been developed in recent years in a shared effort between several European institutions (the Karlsruher Institut für Technologie and Politecnico di Torino, supported by Fusion for Energy). In this paper the current status of the tool calibration and validation is addressed, aiming at highlighting where any direct or indirect comparisons with experimental data are missing and suggesting a possible roadmap to fill that gap, taking advantage of forthcoming tests in Europe.

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Overview of recent gyrotron R&D towards DEMO within EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

EU DEMO EC equatorial launcher pre-conceptual performance studies

EU DEMO EC equatorial launcher pre-conceptual performance studies

Second Harmonic 527-GHz Gyrotron for DNP-NMR: Design and Experimental Results

A Validation Roadmap of Multi-Physics Simulators of the Resonator of MW-Class CW Gyrotrons for Fusion Applications

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