Overview of Recent Studies at Ipst on Corrugated Board Edge Compression Strength: Testing Methods and Effects of Interflute Buckling

Popil, R.

doi:10.15376/biores.7.2.2553-2581

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Notably, the kind of test procedures that have been used in the past to characterize the strength of corrugated board products do not appear to work as well in testing of these finer corrugated products (Wilson and Frank 2009). Localized buckling, which depends on the flatness of the liners, becomes a major mode of failure as the liner weight is decreased (Popil 2012).…”

Section: Corrugated Construction Of Paper and Paperboardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Maintaining Strength of Paper and Paperboard Products While Using Less Forest Resources: A Review

Hubbe¹

2013

BioResources

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Paper production requires large amounts of cellulosic fiber, whereas the world's forested lands and croplands have a finite capacity to supply such resources. To deal with likely future pressure on forest resources, as well as to hold down costs of materials, publications examined in the preparation of this review suggest that the paper industry will need to implement several concurrent strategies. In particular, the industry can be expected to view recycling as a central part of its activities. Basis weights of various paper-based products can be expected to decrease over the coming decades, and more of the fiber content will be replaced with fillers such as calcium carbonate. Such trends will place intense demands upon chemical-based strategies to enhance the bonding within paper and paperboard. Based on the literature, further progress in reducing the amount of new forest resources used to meet a given set of paper product requirements will require a combined approach, taking into account various fiber attributes, nanostructures, novel concepts in bond formation, and advances in the unit operations of papermaking.

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Section: Corrugated Construction Of Paper and Paperboardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Maintaining Strength of Paper and Paperboard Products While Using Less Forest Resources: A Review

Hubbe¹

2013

BioResources

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“…Therefore, the box compression test (BCT) value can be determined by both the edgewise compression test (ECT) value for CD and bending stiffness for CD and MD [6,[8][9][10]. The ECT value of the corrugated paperboard is used as a primary indicator representing the quality and compression strength of the corrugated paperboard box [11]. The shape and dimensions of the ECT specimens are different depending on various testing standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Popil [11] compared the ECT value between TAPPI T 811, 838, and 839 for a single-wall (SW) corrugated paperboard. The study found that there is no clear trend in the difference of the ECT values between these standards as a function of the basis weight of the corrugating medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element-Based Simulation for Edgewise Compression Behavior of Corrugated Paperboard for Packaging of Agricultural Products

Park

Choi

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Since most goods are transported and stored in a unit-load form in today’s global supply chain, there has been a growing concern regarding the compression strength of corrugated paperboard boxes for packaging of agricultural products. The best predictor of the compression strength of corrugated boxes is the edgewise compression test (ECT) value; therefore, its efficient measurement or prediction is crucial for the design of more efficient corrugated boxes for food and agricultural and industrial products. This study investigated the edgewise compression behavior (load vs. displacement plot, ECT, and failure mechanism) of corrugated paperboard based on different types of testing standards and flute types using finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental analysis. The results of this study showed that the magnitude of the ECT values produced by the FEA was different from the values produced by the experiment. The difference in the ECT can be possibly explained by layer thickness approximations, together with glue line width assumptions between fluting and the liners in the numerical models. However, the trends of the values were the same. If the material properties of corrugated paperboard components and modeling methods of the corrugated paperboard are further studied, the FE (finite element)-based simulation technique will be a useful alternative tool that can replace the edgewise compression test.

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“…A common example would be a formation of unintentional crease line which is due to the buckling of the flute. This has been repeatedly shown to be an important failure mechanism in CFB . Any damage to the flute profile has been shown to reduce stiffness which subsequently allows failure to propagate through this local area .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This has been repeatedly shown to be an important failure mechanism in CFB. 3,4 Any damage to the flute profile has been shown to reduce stiffness which subsequently allows failure to propagate through this local area. 5 Popil 6 reported that crushing of the flute results in reduction in the flat crush hardness and the transverse shear stiffness of CFB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A technique to quantify morphological damage of the flute profile in the midplane of corrugated fibreboard

et al. 2019

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This research presents a technique to quantify morphological damage to flutes in corrugated fibreboard (CFB). The method involves laser cutting thin samples and analysing digital images of the flute profiles. The surface profiles of creased CFB before and after laser cutting were measured using fringe projection and showed that the sample preparation does not significantly affect the flute profile. After imaging the laser cut samples, skeleton analysis was used to derive a digitised profile of the flute shape. To characterise the level of damage to the flute profile, a similarity factor (SF) was introduced to quantify the relative difference between test sample and reference flute profiles. Validation of this analysis technique was done by generating known images of flute profile with variations that include distortions that could occur to CFB. These images were then fed into the skeleton analysis, and the results were compared with the original profile. This comparison showed good agreement between the initial and skeleton‐analysed flutes. A demonstration of the skeleton analysis on purposefully damaged actual CFB flute profiles shows that the SF reduces as the level of crushing increases, showing that the technique could be used to enumerate morphological damage to CFB during manufacture, conversion, and use.

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Overview of Recent Studies at Ipst on Corrugated Board Edge Compression Strength: Testing Methods and Effects of Interflute Buckling

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Prospects for Maintaining Strength of Paper and Paperboard Products While Using Less Forest Resources: A Review

Prospects for Maintaining Strength of Paper and Paperboard Products While Using Less Forest Resources: A Review

Finite Element-Based Simulation for Edgewise Compression Behavior of Corrugated Paperboard for Packaging of Agricultural Products

A technique to quantify morphological damage of the flute profile in the midplane of corrugated fibreboard

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