Overview of Smart Substations

Qi, Ben; Yuan, Yubo; Yang, Yi; Bu, Qiangsheng; Chen, Jiulin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815158-7.00001-9

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, the manufacturers supply PMUs with a varying number of channels and PMU cost ranges analogous to channel restriction. Some works study this combinatorial problem considering a restricted number of channels, which is a more realistic OPP scenario [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. The principal constitution of this study is threefold:…”

Section: Consideration Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the substation itself needs energy to operate [34]. For example, energy is required for the substation control and protection system [68,69]. Substations also need energy for the cooling fans (ONAN/ONAF) and the on-load tap changer of transformers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs), fire extinguishing systems, lighting fixtures, floodlights, and battery chargers [68,69].…”

Section: Consideration Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mathematical Models for the Single-Channel and Multi-Channel PMU Allocation Problem and Their Solution Algorithms

Theodorakatos,

Babu,

Theodoridis

et al. 2024

Algorithms

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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are deployed at power grid nodes around the transmission grid, determining precise power system monitoring conditions. In real life, it is not realistic to place a PMU at every power grid node; thus, the lowest PMU number is optimally selected for the full observation of the entire network. In this study, the PMU placement model is reconsidered, taking into account single- and multi-capacity placement models rather than the well-studied PMU placement model with an unrestricted number of channels. A restricted number of channels per monitoring device is used, instead of supposing that a PMU is able to observe all incident buses through the transmission connectivity lines. The optimization models are declared closely to the power dominating set and minimum edge cover problem in graph theory. These discrete optimization problems are directly related with the minimum set covering problem. Initially, the allocation model is declared as a constrained mixed-integer linear program implemented by mathematical and stochastic algorithms. Then, the integer linear problem is reformulated into a non-convex constraint program to find optimality. The mathematical models are solved either in binary form or in the continuous domain using specialized optimization libraries, and are all implemented in YALMIP software in conjunction with MATLAB. Mixed-integer linear solvers, nonlinear programming solvers, and heuristic algorithms are utilized in the aforementioned software packages to locate the global solution for each instance solved in this application, which considers the transformation of the existing power grids to smart grids.

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Section: Consideration Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consideration Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Models for the Single-Channel and Multi-Channel PMU Allocation Problem and Their Solution Algorithms

Theodorakatos,

Babu,

Theodoridis

et al. 2024

Algorithms

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“…The concept of smart substation emerged from smart grid [3] [5] and gradually become an important part of investment for smart grid. Though IEC 60870-5-104 was gradually replaced by IEC 61850, in many substations, old-generation equipment was not able to communicate with IEC 61850.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of sensing / measurement technology, information communication technology (ICT), computer and control technology, substations entered a next stage, smart substation [1] [2] [3]. The smart substation was designed from the top level and set up on a unified information platform, namely the IEC 61850 standard, to implement status censoring, data acquisition, online monitoring, and state diagnose of the primary and secondary equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Data Transmission for Smart Substations Based on Blockchain

Lao¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

2022

Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Computer Science, Information Engineering and Digital Economy (CSIEDE 2022)

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This paper investigates the important problem of ensuring reliable data transmission for smart substations. We give a first formal model including network assumptions and security requirements as well as a scheme based on blockchains and cryptographic techniques. Especially, we use the idea of network coding and blockchain to leverage the unstable transmission into a more stable one, trading reliability with redundancy (network bandwidth.) Finally, we apply both theoretical and experimental analysis. The result indicates that our solution is effective.

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“…The digitalization of the power grid requires that all existing electric assets adapt themselves to a new concept of grid [1][2][3][4]. As a matter of fact, the possibility of monitoring and actively controlling the entire network opens a completely different scenario of opportunities for experts and system operators (SO), which includes a variety of algorithms and artificial intelligence-based software [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Conductor Positioning on Low-Power Current Transformers: Inputs for the Next IEC 61869-10

2021

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Low-power instrument transformers (LPITs) are spreading among the distribution network thanks to their features (e.g., compactness, lightness, enhanced bandwidth, etc.). It is then a fundamental to guide users and manufacturers to a correct usage and manufacturing of the LPITs. Technical committees, which are in charge of writing dedicated standards, often tackle such a task. Focusing on the current type of LPITs, the low-power current transformers (LPCTs), the associated standard is the IEC 61869-10, which is going to be improved in 2021. To this purpose, the work aims at providing new inputs for the future version of such a standard. In particular, the focus is pointed towards the effects of the conductor positioning on the window-type LPCT accuracy. Literature and gained experience in the field are the two pillars that have been used to refine the outcomes of the work, which are provided in terms of suggestions for each technical aspect, as discussed in the standard, related to LPCTs.

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Overview of Smart Substations

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Mathematical Models for the Single-Channel and Multi-Channel PMU Allocation Problem and Their Solution Algorithms

Mathematical Models for the Single-Channel and Multi-Channel PMU Allocation Problem and Their Solution Algorithms

Reliable Data Transmission for Smart Substations Based on Blockchain

Effect of the Conductor Positioning on Low-Power Current Transformers: Inputs for the Next IEC 61869-10

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