Overview of Sustainable Aviation Fuels with Emission Characteristic and Particles Emission of the Turbine Engine Fueled ATJ Blends with Different Percentages of ATJ Fuel

Kurzawska, Paula; Jasiński, Remigiusz

doi:10.3390/en14071858

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The exhaust gases are directed to the device via dilution system and temperature maintenance system. The pre-filter collects particles larger than 1 µm in diameter that are outside the measuring range devices [37,38].…”

Section: Pm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

et al. 2021

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Air pollution with particulate matter from transport sources is a serious problem in terms of air quality and its impact on human health. The article attempts to test the emitted particles from piston engines in terms of their physical properties and chemical composition. The research test objects were a diesel engine with Euro 5 emission class and a petrol engine, which was a part of the scooter drive system. The conducted research consisted in the analysis of the number, mass, and volume of particles, as well as chemical analysis, using the methods: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Evolved gas analysis (EGA). The diesel engine emitted particles in the range of 50–120 nm. With the increase in the engine load, the specific emission of particulate matter increased. In the case of a gasoline engine running without load, the emission of particles smaller than 30 nm was mainly observed. Increasing load of the gasoline engine resulted in an increase in both the concentration of particles and their diameter (average diameter to 90 nm). FTIR analysis showed higher black carbon content in the case of the sample taken from the diesel engine. In order to carry out a more detailed chemical analysis, the EGA and SEM methods were used. On their basis, the chemical composition of particles was presented, and a greater ability to agglomerate of a gasoline engine particles was found.

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Section: Pm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

et al. 2021

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“…This is the reason for looking for solutions that can reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment. An example of the implemented method of reducing the exhaust emissions from air transport is biofuels use [1]. Extensive electrification of transport increases the popularity of electric vehicles or other alternative driving methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

2022

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Protection of the natural environment is a key activity driving development in the transport discipline today. The use of simulators to train civil aviation pilots provides an excellent opportunity to maintain the balance between efficiency and limit the negative impact of transport on the environment. Therefore, we decided to determine the impact of selected simulations of air operations on energy consumption. The aim of the research was to determine the energy consumption of the flight simulator depending on the type of flight operation and configuration used. We also decided to compare the obtained result with the energy consumption of an aircraft of a similar class, performing a similar aviation operation and other means of transport. In order to obtain the results, a research plan was proposed consisting of 12 scenarios differing in the simulated aircraft model, weather conditions and the use of the simulator motion platform. In each of the scenarios, energy consumption was measured, taking into account the individual components of the simulator. The research showed that the use of a flight simulator has a much smaller negative impact on the natural environment than flying in a traditional plane. Use of a motion platform indicated a change in energy consumption of approximately 40% (in general, flight simulator configuration can change energy consumption by up to 50%). The deterioration of weather conditions during the simulation caused an increase in energy consumption of 14% when motion was disabled and 18% when motion was enabled. Energy consumption in the initial stages of pilot training can be reduced by 97% by using flight simulators compared to aircraft training.

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“…Using a blend of biofuel and conventional fuel in aircraft engine can decrease the number and mass of emitted particles immediately behind the aircraft by 50-70% comparing to pure conventional fuel [18]. Since 2009 there are seven methods of producing alternative aviation fuels approved by the ASTM D7566 standard, which is a standard assigned for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons (Table 1) [22,23]. Bio-jet fuels are produced from, i.e., vegetable oil, lignocellosic biomass, algae, and municipal solid wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aviation fuels must meet a number of requirements to be used in aircraft engines, mainly for safety reasons. Primarily biofuels should meet physicochemical properties described in the standard ASTM D7566, but also many environmental and operational requirements, like compatibility with the existing fuel infrastructure and reduction of greenhouse gas emission [22,24]. One of the technology process approved by ASTM D7566 in 2016 is Alcohol-to-Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (ATJ-SPK), which allows to blend ATJ-SPK with conventional fuel up to 50 vol %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Particle Emissions from a DGEN 380 Small Turbofan Fueled with ATJ Blends

2021

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The fine particulate matter (PM) emitted from jet aircraft poses a serious threat to the environment and human health which can be mitigated by using biofuels. This paper aims to quantify PM emissions from a small turbofan fueled with the alcohol to jet (ATJ) synthetic kerosene and its various blends (5%, 20%, and 30% of ATJ) with Jet A-1 fuel. Emissions from a turbofan engine (DGEN 380) with a high bypass ratio, applicable in small private jets, were studied. Among the four fuels tested, the PM-number emission index (EIN) was the lowest for the ATJ 30% blend. EIN for ATJ 30% dropped from 1.1 × 1017 to 4.7 × 1016 particles/kg of fuel. Burning alternative fuel blends reduced the particle mass emissions over the entire range of fuel flow by at least 117 mg/kg of fuel. The particles formed in the nucleation mechanism dominate PM emission, which is characteristic of jet engines. Thus, number-based particle size distributions (PSDs) exhibit a single mode log-normal distribution. The highest values of EIN were found for Jet A-1 neat compared to other fuels. The use of the ATJ additive did not cause significant changes in the size of the particles from nucleation mode. However, a magnitude reduction of nucleation mode was found with the increase in the ATJ ratio.

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Overview of Sustainable Aviation Fuels with Emission Characteristic and Particles Emission of the Turbine Engine Fueled ATJ Blends with Different Percentages of ATJ Fuel

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

Flight Simulator’s Energy Consumption Depending on the Conditions of the Air Operation

Characterization of Particle Emissions from a DGEN 380 Small Turbofan Fueled with ATJ Blends

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