Overview of the cardio-metabolic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Evidence has shown that cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) are amongst the top contributors to COVID-19 infection morbidity and mortality. The reciprocal impact of COVID-19 infection and the most common CMDs, the risk factors for poor composite outcome among patients with one or several underlying diseases, the effect of common medical management on CMDs and their safety in the context of acute COVID-19 infection are reviewed. Later on, the changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on the general population's lifestyle (diet, exercise patterns) and metabolic health, acute cardiac complications of different COVID-19 vaccines and the effect of CMDs on the vaccine efficacy are discussed. Our review identified that the incidence of COVID-19 infection is higher among patients with underlying CMDs such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Also, CMDs increase the risk of COVID-19 infection progression to severe disease phenotypes (e.g. hospital and/or ICU admission, use of mechanical ventilation). Lifestyle modification during COVID-19 era had a great impact on inducing and worsening of CMDs. Finally, the lower efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines was found in patients with metabolic disease.

Effects of the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic on the Identification and Care of Critically Ill Emergency Patients Not Infected with COVID-19

“…18,28 Investigations carried out by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health have identified that conditions like diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart diseases, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease heighten the likelihood of hospitalization and lead to extended stays in intensive care units. 29,30 Additional research has corroborated the negative consequences of pre-existing chronic illnesses on COVID-19 patients, 31 particularly noting the unfavorable prognosis for individuals with both diabetes and COVID-19. 32 The research also found that regardless of the presence of chronic conditions, there was an increase in the duration of emergency treatment and daily expenses per patient.…”