Overview of the characteristics of and responses to the three waves of COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2021

Karako, Kenji; Song, Peipei; Chen, Yu; Tang, Wei; Kokudo, Norihiro

doi:10.5582/bst.2021.01019

Cited by 98 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…First, the baseline (March 2020) for our study coincided with a time when the COVID-19 pandemic had already begun in Japan. 7 Restrictions on people's social behaviors were starting to be implemented, which may have led to social isolation. Additionally, we do not have any information on the isolation status of participants before the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mainly called for self-restraint at restaurants at night (lifted in early September 2020). 7,8 Although these public health measures assisted in stopping the spread of infectious diseases, 9 policies such as the gathering-ban and stay-at-home recommendations were focused on swiftly reducing social interactions, which led to social isolation. 1,10 Indeed, during the pandemic, a significant decline in social relationships with friends has been observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Isolation and Self-Reported Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults in Japan: A Longitudinal Study in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Noguchi

Kubo

Hayashi

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Isolation and Self-Reported Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults in Japan: A Longitudinal Study in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Noguchi

Kubo

Hayashi

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

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“…The government did not declare a state of emergency, and local governments only called for reduced business hours and limited activities in December 2020. [24] The third wave of the outbreak in Japan is ongoing.…”

Section: Early Patient Diagnosis and Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Responses in Four Countries

Wang

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective This study compared the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by South Korea, Japan, India, and China in response to COVID-19 during 2020-2021. We hope that our study would propose policies for future COVID-19 waves and provide lessons for future responses to similar infectious diseases.Methods We made a retrospective study by analyzing the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions in these four countries. Results From January 2020 to May 18, 2021, South Korea and Japan experienced three waves of COVID-19 epidemic, but the number of daily new confirmed cases per million people was relatively small in both countries, and South Korea had fewer daily new confirmed cases per million than Japan. Following the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan in late 2019, China successfully contained the first wave of the outbreak and is not currently experiencing a large-scale resurgence of the epidemic. India is experiencing a grim second wave of the epidemic, with far more daily new confirmed cases per million people than South Korea and Japan. Throughout 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths per million population remains low in South Korea, Japan, and China, while India has seen an upward trend in deaths per million population since July. As of May 18, 2021, the number of total tests per thousand people in South Korea, India, and Japan was 230.65, 181.23, and 99.59, respectively. South Korea and India both have more than twice as total tests per thousand people as Japan.Conclusion Successful practices in China and South Korea show that--case identification and management, coupled with close contact tracing and isolation, is a powerful strategy. The lessons of Japan and India show that social distancing is an effective measure, but only if it is rigor and persistent. Finally, in both developed and developing countries, the development of health care systems and coordinated government leadership play a key role in overcoming epidemics.

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“…These resentful sentiments are understandable, and we deliberately postponed the proposal of any criteria to the end of 2020 to avoid unnecessary con icts in our hospital. However, a third wave surfaced throughout Japan at that time [2], and the number of hospital admissions, including severe cases, surged remarkably, thus compelling us to establish criteria for in-hospital release of COVID-19 patients from isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of An Unprecedented, Invisible Enemy: Difficulties Experienced In Establishing Criteria For The Release of COVID-19 Patients From Isolation

Hagiya

Hasegawa

Otsuka

2021

Preprint

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Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic, and the United States and European authorities established criteria for the release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in October 2020. However, a huge discrepancy exists between the hospital-discharge protocol for COVID-19 patients and the release of patients from in-hospital isolation. Our initially proposed criteria for in-hospital release from isolation was not adhered to by healthcare workers (HCWs) due to prevailing concerns regarding disease infectivity. Herein, we report difficulties encountered in attempting to establish a common understanding of the management of emerging infections. Methods: We performed a Google Form-based questionnaire survey targeting HCWs from Okayama University Hospital, Japan, via e-mail on January 21–28, 2021. The anonymous investigation required respondents to provide information regarding their background as well as perceptions regarding the requirement, level of understanding, and readiness for developing release criteria.Results: We obtained 150 eligible responses, including 57 (38.0%) from medical doctors and 53 (35.3%) from nurses. Most HCWs managing COVID-19 patients advocated for the implementation of the criteria, whereas those not working in that capacity did not (p<0.001). Over half of the HCWs indicated discomfort at seeing COVID-19 patients transitioning to general management even after meeting the criteria. Conclusions: It was challenging to establish a common understanding regarding the ideal criteria for in-hospital release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in our hospital. The dissemination of our experiences and multifaceted discussions with HCWs would be of great value as a countermeasure against the emergent pandemic.

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Overview of the characteristics of and responses to the three waves of COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2021

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Social Isolation and Self-Reported Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults in Japan: A Longitudinal Study in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Social Isolation and Self-Reported Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults in Japan: A Longitudinal Study in the COVID-19 Pandemic

A Comparative Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Responses in Four Countries

Fear of An Unprecedented, Invisible Enemy: Difficulties Experienced In Establishing Criteria For The Release of COVID-19 Patients From Isolation

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