Overview of the coupling methods used in whispering gallery mode resonator systems for sensing

Cai, Lu; Pan, Junyao; Hu, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.105968

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…In order to monitor the morphology change on the micro-sphere efficiently, optical coupling between the sphere and the light should be occur. This may be achieved by melting the protective buffer layer using a micro-torch to create a tapered section to let the light propagate from the optical fiber to the elastic sphere by mechanically coupling (based on Van Der Waals force) [30]. Once the round trip of the light circumnavigates through the sphere it returns back to the optical fiber and the intensity of the light will be seen using the photodiode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The piezo-stack provides the vibration to drive a mechanical displacement, x in the xdirection as an input for the proposed sensor. Due to the opto-mechanical coupling, mechanical vibration perturbs the radius of the elastic sphere [30,31]. In turn, tunes the optical modes of the optical resonance for the sphere on the transmission spectrum with ∆, wherein ∆ contains information on the mechanical displacement, x.…”

Section: Introduction and Theory Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Novel Sensors of the Linear Displacement Measurement With High-Resolution for Mechatronics Applications

Ali

Algouhary

2022

Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector

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A displacement sensor with high resolution is presented in this paper using an elastic sphere that acts as the sensing element; which can be used in several applications of mechatronics. To have the elastic behavior for the sensing element, the sphere was made from polymeric material with 600µm in diameter. The sphere vibrates mechanically in response to a time varying displacement excited by piezo-stack actuator (PZT). The mechanical vibration transmitted to the elastic sphere was monitored optically based on tracking the optical resonance shifts on the transmission spectrum, in turn the displacement of the piezo-stack actuator can be determined. The sphere was lying between two micro-sticks made from silica with ~80µm in diameter for each with ~3cm long; one of them is fixed while the other is mechanically connected to the PZT. By moving the PZT, the displacement was fully transmitted to the sensing element leading to a change in its morphology and therefore shifts of its optical resonances. By tracking these shifts and comparing them with typical electronic strain gauges used within piezo-nanopositioners, it is possible to determine the displacement of the PZT in high resolution. The resolution for the new design was recorded to be up to ~3.16nm with sensitivity up to ~2nm/µm. The novelty for the proposed design could be used for several mechatronics applications like the feedback on the linear actuators for the micro/nano robots, and also it can extend for structural health monitoring in nanoscale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Theory Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Sensors of the Linear Displacement Measurement With High-Resolution for Mechatronics Applications

Ali

Algouhary

2022

Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector

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“…Most works employing WGM resonators cite high Q-factors, high sensitivity, and rapid results, within micro- to nanoscale feature sizes. WGM-based biosensors are composed of a closed, radial cavity critically coupled with a prism, waveguide, or a fiber on its side or on the tip of a fiber as shown in Figure 16 [ 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 ]. WGM resonators confine light waves in any radial or polygonal enclosed surface, including rings, disks, spheres, cylinders, fibers, rods, or toroids, for example.…”

Section: Whispering Gallery Mode (Wgm)-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors

Rho

Breaux

Kim

2020

Sensors

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The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.

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“…Although the proposed compact structure proved successful; it requires further research to be processed for systematic understanding and applications of ultrahigh sensitivity sensors, lasing sources, and towards the advanced quantum communications. Although several studies reported the in uence of surrounding medium's refractive index on the WGMs and lasing emissions of rare-earth ions doped silica µS; they have not provided details of the in uence the refractive index has on the lights guided in the form of WGMs, as well as the intensities and linewidths of lasing emissions [7,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of size and surrounding medium on whispering-gallery-mode lasers in Er3+-doped silica microspheres

Hoang

Pham

et al. 2022

Opt Quant Electron

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This work reports the experimental fabrication and characterization of the Er 3+ -doped silica microspheres (mS) and numerical investigation of the effects of size and surrounding medium on the optical properties of whispering-gallerymode (WGM) lasers. The heat melting method of two discharge electrodes was used to produce the Er 3+ -doped silica mSs of diameters up to several tens of micrometers. The 125-mm diameter single-mode optical ber was tapered with a cone angle formed by chemical etching in hydro uoric acid (HF) solutions. It was used to produce the mSs and couple the pumped laser into mS surface as well was coupled out the lasing emission. The WGM lasers at telecom regime of ~1520-1570 nm were characterized in both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) propagation directions. By adjusting the coupling gap between the tapered optical ber and the mS surface, the selectivity of the multi-or singleemitted modes of the mS laser was achieved. We performed nite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to examine the size dependence and analyze the effect of the surrounding medium's refractive index on the optical characteristics, such as emission wavelength, intensity, as well as the shape of WGM lasing emission. The facile approach and quantitative investigation of this work has attracted much attention from researchers in the microphotonic eld and may be useful in many applications from tunable single-mode lasing sensing to optical microdevices.

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Overview of the coupling methods used in whispering gallery mode resonator systems for sensing

Cited by 72 publications

References 155 publications

Novel Sensors of the Linear Displacement Measurement With High-Resolution for Mechatronics Applications

Novel Sensors of the Linear Displacement Measurement With High-Resolution for Mechatronics Applications

Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors

Effects of size and surrounding medium on whispering-gallery-mode lasers in Er3+-doped silica microspheres

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