Overview of the Thorium Programme in India

Vijayan, P.K.; Dulera, I.V.; Krishnani, P.D.; Vaze, K.K.; Basu, S.; Sinha, R.K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26542-1_10

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Both India and China are also working on the same issues. In India, according to (Vijayan 2013): the first stage consists of using natural uranium PHWR; the second stage is planned using the plutonium and depleted uranium extracted from the PHWR in FBRs; and at the third stage, with U-233 produced from the second stage, TMSRs will be deployed. In fact, India plans to meet 30% of its total power requirements in 2050 by using thorium-fuelled reactors (Schaffer 2013).…”

Section: The Availability Of Fissile Materials For Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a combination will essentially offer an energy solution that will provide humanity with energy for thousands of years, but it is currently too costly (Schaffer 2013). Furthermore, it is in early development stage so that 'deployment of the third phase is foreseen beyond 2070' (Vijayan 2013). However, the advent of the AMSBR is not critical, because there is enough fissile material to use in the world today for decades of operations.…”

Section: The Availability Of Fissile Materials For Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safe, clean, proliferation resistant and cost-effective Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors for sustainable development

Emblemsvåg

2021

International Journal of Sustainable Energy

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Sustainable development requires sustainable energy sources. Nuclear energy is proposed, but it is perceived as problematic in terms of proliferation, waste, safety and costs. In this paper, these issues are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that this perception is not rooted in the reality of modern nuclear technologies. In fact, the paper concludes that Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors (TMSR) technology is clean, safe, proliferation resistant and cost effective, and even better than traditional nuclear technologies. Given that thorium is a plentiful resource, this technology can propel humanity forward for the next 1000 years or more. What is lacking is an understanding of TMSR by those who allocate funding for research. Hence, this paper is also a call for action.

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Section: The Availability Of Fissile Materials For Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Availability Of Fissile Materials For Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe, clean, proliferation resistant and cost-effective Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors for sustainable development

Emblemsvåg

2021

International Journal of Sustainable Energy

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“…The FBR will produce an excess of 239 Pu and convert 232 Th to fissile 233 U. The last stage is to develop a 233 U/Th self‐sustaining system, preferably for the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) 41 . Moreover, the current AHWR design focuses on the loading pattern of the fuel cluster using homogeneous (Th‐U) and (Th‐Pu) fuel 42 .…”

Section: Thorium‐fueled Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the microheterogeneous thoria‐urania fuel for micro‐sized high temperature reactors

2020

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Summary This paper presents a systematic review of the micro‐modular thorium‐fueled high temperature reactors (HTR) loaded with duplex fuel pellet design. Specifically, each unique criterion of the design is discussed separately in an attempt to understand the combined advantages of the proposed reactor. Micro modular HTRs have great potential as a source of electricity or industrial heat in the future. The use of thorium not only improves its economic performance and safety, but also prolongs its operation. Nevertheless, the traditional seed‐and‐blanket configuration would not be able to maximize the thorium fuel burnup. As such, a new tristructural‐isotopic (TRISO) fuel based on duplex pellet designs were proposed instead. It should be noted that these duplex pellets were not practical for pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology due to its uneven power distribution which possibly leads to a very high local pellet temperature. However, this unorthodox inherent characteristics of the duplex pellets may actually suit the HTR burnup profile better due to its substantially higher thermal margin ‐ thus possibly enabling a relatively long operation of the HTR. The paper shall thereby provide a reasonably sound justification for the detailed technical investigations of the proposed reactor design.

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“…Probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) studies for the AHWR have been carried out [10]. The study includes plant familiarization and identification of design aspects important to severe accidents; PSA level-1, viz., identification of significant events with large contribution to the core damage frequency (CDF); PSA level-2, viz., source term evaluation within the containment; and PSA level-3, viz., release from the containment and atmospheric dispersion with analysis of consequences.…”

Section: The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (Ahwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable, Secure, and Safe Energy Future: Leveraging Opportunities with Thorium

Kakodkar

Degweker

2016

Thorium Energy for the World

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The growing economic empowerment of an increasing part of the world's population and small amount of carbon space available, necessitates a quick shift to non-fossil energy sources that are large enough to meet future energy requirements. Apart from electricity, energy in fluid form, derived through non-fossil means is also needed. It is, thus, important to progressively replace fossil fuels and increase the share of nuclear and solar power in the overall energy mix. For expansion of nuclear capacity, it is important to squarely address various fears associated with nuclear energy by eliminating the possibility of any adverse impact in the public domain. Since time is running out, we need to explore how to achieve this objective through reconfiguration of available technologies even as we develop new technologies specifically for the purpose. This paper argues that the use of thorium, together with innovative reactor designs such as that of the advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR), under development in India can, by and large, eliminate many of the perceived risks associated with nuclear energy. In the long run, a mix of advanced technologies such as molten salt reactors, accelerator-driven systems, and fast reactors will be necessary to sustain nuclear energy.

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Overview of the Thorium Programme in India

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Safe, clean, proliferation resistant and cost-effective Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors for sustainable development

Safe, clean, proliferation resistant and cost-effective Thorium-based Molten Salt Reactors for sustainable development

Review of the microheterogeneous thoria‐urania fuel for micro‐sized high temperature reactors

Towards Sustainable, Secure, and Safe Energy Future: Leveraging Opportunities with Thorium

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