Overview of therapeutic options for epilepsy

The last decade has been characterized by exciting findings on eu- or hypoglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis. This review emphasizes the following five key points: 1. Since the traditional nitroprusside-glycine dipstick test for urinary ketones is often falsely negative, the blood determination of β-hydroxybutyrate, the predominant ketone body, is currently advised for a comprehensive assessment of ketone body status; 2. Fasting and infections predispose to relevant ketosis and ketoacidosis especially in newborns, infants, children 7 years or less of age, and pregnant, parturient, or lactating women; 3. Several forms of carbohydrate restriction (typically less than 20% of the daily caloric intake) are employed to induce ketosis. These ketogenic diets have achieved great interest as antiepileptic treatment, in the management of excessive body weight, diabetes mellitus, and in sport training; 4. Intermittent fasting is more and more popular because it might benefit against cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurologic disorders, and aging; 5. Gliflozins, a new group of oral antidiabetics inhibiting the renal sodium-glucose transporter 2, are an emerging cause of eu- or hypoglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis. In conclusion, the role of ketone bodies is increasingly recognized in several clinical conditions. In the context of acid–base balance evaluation, it is advisable to routinely integrate both the assessment of lactic acid and β-hydroxybutyrate.

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Eu- or hypoglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis in children: a review

Meoli

Lava

Bronz

et al. 2023

Pediatr Nephrol

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Surface modified PLGA nanoparticles of gabapentin: Biodistribution and pharmacodynamic investigation via intranasal route

Rai,

Gauba,

Tyagi

et al. 2024

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

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Overview of therapeutic options for epilepsy

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Eu- or hypoglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis in children: a review

Eu- or hypoglycemic ketosis and ketoacidosis in children: a review

Surface modified PLGA nanoparticles of gabapentin: Biodistribution and pharmacodynamic investigation via intranasal route

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