Overview of URBAN 2000: A Multiscale Field Study of Dispersion through an Urban Environment

Allwine, K.J.; Shinn, J.H.; Streit, Gerald E.; Clawson, K. L.; Brown, Michael J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0521:oouamf>2.3.co;2

Cited by 198 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Louka et al (2000) showed that turbulent fluctuations comprise a large portion of flow in a street canyon. Dispersion of pollutants in urban areas is strongly influenced by characteristic flow patterns (Allwine et al 2002;Wood et al 2009). However, the characterization of urban turbulent flow and dispersion particularly in densely built-up urban areas is still difficult because of their strong dependency on nearby building configurations as well as local meteorology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Turbulent Flow and Ozone at Rooftop and Sidewalk Sites in a High-Rise Building Area

Park¹,

Kwak²,

Han³

et al. 2015

SOLA

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Turbulent flow and ozone concentration at two (rooftop and sidewalk) sites in a high-rise building area of Seoul, Republic of Korea, were measured for the period of 24−27 June 2013 to examine their characteristics according to site location. During the observation period, the diurnal variations of air temperature, wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy were distinct at both sites. The time series of ozone concentration exhibits a diurnal variation with daytime double peaks and one nighttime peak at both sites. The horizontal wind direction at the rooftop site has variations related to local winds, while the horizontal wind direction at the sidewalk site is mostly southerly (following a nearby street). The multiresolution spectra of horizontal and vertical velocities at the rooftop site confirm diurnal and turbulence-related variations. A quadrant analysis indicates that turbulence at the rooftop site is characterized by frequent ejections and less frequent but stronger sweeps, while turbulence at the sidewalk site is weaker and less characterizable than turbulence at the rooftop site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Turbulent Flow and Ozone at Rooftop and Sidewalk Sites in a High-Rise Building Area

Park¹,

Kwak²,

Han³

et al. 2015

SOLA

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“…Urban 2000 (Allwine et al, 2002), conducted in Salt Lake City, Utah, during October 2000, was a full scale experiment to examine meteorology and atmospheric dispersion within an urban area, containing over 60,000 buildings. Three different scales of dispersion were investigated: an individual building area, located adjacent to the source; a 'downtown area' of 6 blocks and the whole urban domain.…”

Section: Urban 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Urban Dispersion Model (UDM)

Brook¹,

Felton²,

Clem³

et al. 2003

IJEP

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“…URBAN 2000 (Allwine et al, 2002) investigated the urban nocturnal boundary layer (stable to neutral atmospheric condition) in Salt Lake City, UT. The Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field campaign was designed to investigate the daytime boundary layer (neutral to unstable) in Oklahoma City (Klein and Clark, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of roadside fine particulate matter concentration surrounding major arterials in five Southern Californian cities

Pan

Bartolome

Gutierrez

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The built environment surrounding arterials affects the dispersion of vehicular emissions in urban areas, modifying the potential risks to public health. In order to study the influence of urban morphometry on flow and dispersion of vehicular fine particulate matter emissions, in the summer of 2008 field measurements were performed in major arterials located in five Southern Californian cities with different building geometries. In each city, local mean wind, turbulence, virtual temperature, roadside DustTrak Fine Particles (DTFP) concentration, and traffic flow data were collected in 2-hr measurement periods during morning and evening rush hours and lighter midday traffic, over a period of 3 days. The calculated Monin-Obukhov length, L, suggests that near-neutral and slightly unstable conditions were present at both street and roof levels. The nondimensional forms of turbulent wind and temperature fluctuations show that the data at street level within the urban canopy can be represented using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Generalized additive models were applied to analyze the impact of meteorological and traffic-related variables on fine particle concentrations at street level. Compared to other variables, urban-scale background concentrations were the most important variables in all five models. The results confirmed that turbulent mixing in urban areas dominated the variation of roadside particle concentrations regardless of urban geometry. The distance from the local sites to the nearby monitoring stations affected model performance when urban-scale concentrations were used to predict middle-scale concentrations by generalized additive models (GAMs). A radius of influence for background concentrations was 6-10 km. There were also relationships between concentration and other variables affecting the local components of the concentrations, such as wind direction, sensible heat flux, and vertical wind fluctuation, although the influences were much weaker.Implications: The built environment surrounding major arterials affects the dispersion of vehicular emissions in urban areas, modifying the potential risks to public health. Dispersion of pollutants within the urban canopy is governed by flow and turbulence characteristics caused by building morphometry. Current dispersion models used for regulatory purposes have difficulties simulating the flow and dispersion for complex building cases, especially when fine resolution is needed. Urban planning strategies, such as limitation of building height, pedestrian-friendly community design, or zoning of building structures, modify concentrations of vehicular emissions in built environments surrounding major arterials, which may modify health risks for adjacent communities. IntroductionIn metropolitan cities, vehicular emissions are in close proximity to pedestrians, residences, and local businesses. Current line-source models based on the Gaussian diffusion equation are commonly applied to evaluate the air quality impact of freeways or highways passing through a...

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Overview of URBAN 2000: A Multiscale Field Study of Dispersion through an Urban Environment

Abstract: A unique atmospheric tracer and meteorological study shows the complicated patterns of contaminant transport around buildings, through an urban area, and into the surrounding region

Cited by 198 publications

References 22 publications

Measurements of Turbulent Flow and Ozone at Rooftop and Sidewalk Sites in a High-Rise Building Area

Measurements of Turbulent Flow and Ozone at Rooftop and Sidewalk Sites in a High-Rise Building Area

Validation of the Urban Dispersion Model (UDM)

Investigation of roadside fine particulate matter concentration surrounding major arterials in five Southern Californian cities

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