Overview on the Evolution of Laser Welding of Vascular and Nervous Tissues

Gomes, Diogo Francisco; Galvão, Ivan; Loja, M. A. R.

doi:10.3390/app9102157

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The obtained connection can be very strong—often close to the original strength of the joined materials. In some scenarios, the seam might be even stronger than the original materials [ 21 , 22 ]. The following joining methods have been used for tests: TPU film bonded with glue (overlap at 5 cm); TPU film bonded with glue + hardener (overlap at 5 cm); TPU film joined by HF Welding (microwave—5 cm overlap, 5 s, 3 bars).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Materials Strength Used in the Construction of the Flexible Underwater Bell—Batychron

2022

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Batychron is a flexible underwater bell patented by the Gdynia Maritime University as a device used in hydro-technics engineering for underwater transport and diving while maintaining the safety of human life. This study aims to present the methods and results of strength tests and the conducted analysis of the selection of the most appropriate method of joining thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU) and polypropylene belts for underwater use to obtain a device with a specific buoyancy force. A universal testing machine with a hydraulic drive was used for the tests. Various methods of joining polypropylene belts were tested to select the most favourable in terms of strength properties. For this purpose, two types of materials were selected: the TE324 polyester belt and the TS501_50 style belt. Various connection methods have been used: without seams; zig-zag stitch, straight cross; cross stitch, straight longitudinal; cross stitch, straight transverse, in order to select a joint with the highest strength parameters. In addition, the tensile strength of individual types of belts was tested. The methods of joining the TPU film were verified. The obtained results allowed us to determine that the strongest bond of TE324 material is a straight, longitudinal cross stitch. This is related to the load distribution in the belts tested in laboratory conditions, but also reflected in their practical application. Thanks to the results obtained, it was possible to select the optimal methods of joining (connection) and the construction of Batychron.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Materials Strength Used in the Construction of the Flexible Underwater Bell—Batychron

2022

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“…( 13 ) Laser tissue soldering is based on the heating of proteinaceous solders by laser energy, which induces cross-linking and tissue adhesion and offers a promising route to seamless and leak-tight tissue fusion. Laser tissue soldering is particularly appealing because it potentially offers excellent bond strength,( 14 ) lower tissue inflammatory response( 15 ) compared to suturing or stapling because of the absence of bulky foreign objects, a reduction in scar tissue formation,( 16 ) and reduced access for microbial pathogens( 17 ) because of a waterproof seal. Moreover, it can bond delicate tissues that would otherwise be damaged by conventional suturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanothermometry-enabled intelligent laser tissue soldering

Cipolato

Dosnon

Rosendorf

et al. 2023

Preprint

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While often life-saving, surgical resectioning of diseased tissues puts patients at risk for post-operative complications. Sutures and staples are well-accepted and routinely used to reconnect tissues, however, their mechanical mismatch with biological soft tissue and invasiveness contribute to wound healing complications, infections, and post-operative fluid leakage. In principle, laser tissue soldering offers an attractive, minimally-invasive alternative for seamless soft tissue fusion. However, despite encouraging experimental observations, including accelerated healing and lowered infection risk, critical issues related to temperature monitoring and control during soldering and associated complications have prevented their clinical exploitation to date. Here, we introduce intelligent laser tissue soldering (iSoldering) with integrated nanothermometry as a promising yet unexplored approach to overcoming the critical shortcomings of laser tissue soldering. We demonstrate that adding thermoplasmonic and nanothermometry nanoparticles to proteinaceous solders enables heat confinement and non-invasive temperature monitoring and control, offering a route to high-performance, leak-tight tissue sealing even at deep tissue sites. The resulting tissue seals exhibit excellent mechanical properties and resistance to chemically-aggressive digestive fluids, including gastrointestinal juice. The iSolder can be readily cut and shaped by surgeons to optimally fit the tissue defect and can even be applied using infrared light from a medically approved light source, hence fulfilling key prerequisites for application in the operating theatre. Overall, iSoldering enables reproducible and well-controlled high-performance tissue sealing, offering new prospects for its clinical exploitation in diverse fields ranging from cardiovascular to visceral and plastic surgery.TeaserIntelligent solders containing nanothermometers and thermoplasmonics offer new route to high-performance tissue sealing.

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“…The main advantage of using a Nd:YAG laser is the ability to penetrate deep into the biological tissue, but excessive energy density can cause deep uncontrolled thermal damage to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, the use of the Nd:YAG laser in microsurgery is limited [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductor lasers with a wavelength of λ = 810 nm have a range of advantages due to their small size, low power consumption and the low cost of components compared to other types of lasers. Diode laser radiation can be effectively injected into a fiber optic line, critically important for endoscopic surgery applications [ 19 ]. However, the use of diode lasers may have limitations because the peak output power of the radiation is lower than that of CO 2 and Nd:YAG lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Soft Biological Tissues Using Laser Soldering Technology with Temperature Control and Biopolymer Nanocomposites

et al. 2022

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Laser soldering is a current biophotonic technique for the surgical recovery of the integrity of soft tissues. This technology involves the use of a device providing laser exposure to the cut edges of the wound with a solder applied. The proposed solder consisted of an aqueous dispersion of biopolymer albumin (25 wt.%), single-walled carbon nanotubes (0.1 wt.%) and exogenous indocyanine green chromophore (0.1 wt.%). Under laser exposure, the dispersion transforms into a nanocomposite due to the absorption of radiation and its conversion into heat. The nanocomposite is a frame structure of carbon nanotubes in a biopolymer matrix, which provides adhesion of the wound edges and the formation of a strong laser weld. A new laser device based on a diode laser (808 nm) has been developed to implement the method. The device has a temperature feedback system based on a bolometric infrared matrix sensor. The system determines the hottest area of the laser weld and adjusts the current supplied to the diode laser to maintain the preset laser heating temperature. The laser soldering technology made it possible to heal linear defects (cuts) in the skin of laboratory animals (rabbits) without the formation of a fibrotic scar compared to the control (suture material). The combined use of a biopolymer nanocomposite solder and a laser device made it possible to achieve a tensile strength of the laser welds of 4 ± 0.4 MPa. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes to the solder composition leads to an increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the laser welds by 80%. The analysis of regenerative and morphological features in the early stages (1–3 days) after surgery revealed small wound gaps, a decrease in inflammation, the absence of microcirculatory disorders and an earlier epithelization of laser welds compared to the control. On the 10th day after the surgical operation, the laser weld was characterized by a thin cosmetic scar and a continuous epidermis covering the defect. An immunohistochemical analysis proved the absence of myofibroblasts in the area of the laser welds.

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Overview on the Evolution of Laser Welding of Vascular and Nervous Tissues

Cited by 15 publications

References 89 publications

The Analysis of Materials Strength Used in the Construction of the Flexible Underwater Bell—Batychron

The Analysis of Materials Strength Used in the Construction of the Flexible Underwater Bell—Batychron

Nanothermometry-enabled intelligent laser tissue soldering

Reconstruction of Soft Biological Tissues Using Laser Soldering Technology with Temperature Control and Biopolymer Nanocomposites

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