Overview: The Future of Research in Human Milk

Schanler, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_55

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[69][70][71][72] Most of these benefits extend to prematurely born neonates, despite certain nutritional limitations of human milk for low-birth-weight infants. 19,[73][74][75][76][77] Specific benefits of breast-milk feedings include reduced rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and acquired infections both in the hospital and after discharge. [69][70][71] The use of breast milk also reduces mortality and morbidity and can be attributed to decreased lengths of hospital stays and reduced health-care cost.…”

Section: How Do We Use Enteral Feedings To Promote Growth In Prematurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40,73,74,85 However, we have insufficient data to determine the precise quantity of nutrients that should be added as supplements and we need additional studies on nutrient interactions. 40,73,74,85 Although there is evidence that growing premature neonates need large quantities of calcium, the type of exogenous calcium used in some human milk fortifiers may decrease fat absorption. Other supplemental elements in fortifiers may inactivate or decrease the intrinsic host-defense properties of human milk.…”

Section: Breast-milk Fortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encouraging skinto-skin contact and nipple feeding is also important in that they promote maternal-infant bonding and alter the quality and quantity of maternal milk production. 40,73,74,85 A recent clinical trial evaluated the growth and nutritional status of preterm infants receiving preterm human milk supplemented with a newly formulated, powdered, human-milk fortifier (study fortifier) or a powdered, commercial, human-milk fortifier. 86 Infants fed human milk supplemented with the new fortifier consistently grew more rapidly.…”

Section: Breast-milk Fortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: How Do We Reduce the Incidence of Extrauterine Growth Restriction?

et al. 2003

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Extrauterine growth restriction is a major clinical problem for prematurely born neonates, especially critically ill preterm neonates, and malnutrition in the neonatal intensive-care unit remains common. There are numerous perceived risks to initiation of adequate nutritional support. How many of these factors pose a real risk to health outcomes is less clear. Current nutritional support does not prevent extrauterine growth restriction and the consequences of malnutrition are both acute and delayed. Our clinical approach to providing nutritional support impacts neonatal morbidity and long-term neuro developmental outcomes. While more and better evidence is needed to help guide best practices, this gap should not prevent neonatologists from using the observations in this review to improve their current practice. There is evidence that changes in nutritional support can have a positive influence on growth. These include early administration of intravenous amino acids and lipids, minimal enteral nutrition, and supplemented formula and human milk. Simply recognizing the degree of growth failure by monitoring weight and focusing on the accruing deficit should encourage clinicians to increase nutritional support to enhance recovery growth. Continued research is needed to define the efficiency of early feeding, more rapid advancements in nutritional support, protein needs, the optimal composition of breast-milk supplements, the etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis, and perhaps most importantly, the health consequences of extrauterine growth restriction.

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