Overvoltages Induced in the Supplying Line by an Electric Railway Vehicle

Nicolae, Petre Marian; Nicolae, Marian Stefan; Nicolae, Ileana-Diana; Netoiu, Alexandru

doi:10.1109/emc/si/pi/emceurope52599.2021.9559345

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The theoretical model of line sections to predict resonances is based on a distributed parameters approach [107], as introduced long ago. Whereas AT-equipped railway lines have an asymmetric section termination with TPS at one side (with impedance Z TPS ) and neutral section at the other side (assimilated to an open-circuit condition), the other AC and DC lines have a symmetric termination with TPSs at both sides of each section, as observed in [102].…”

Section: Excitation Of Line Resonancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrical Behaviour of Railway Pantograph Arcs

Mariscotti

2023

Energies

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Electric arcing is an unavoidable consequence of the current collection process by sliding contact in railways and metros, and in general in many electrified transportation systems (ETSs). The most relevant consequences in an electrical perspective are: the occurrence of transients triggering resonant behaviour and transient responses, reduction of the energy efficiency of the system, conducted and radiated disturbance, in particular for the new radio systems widely employed for signalling and communication. The involved parameters are many (type of materials, current intensity, DC and AC supply, relative speed, temperature), as well as the studied characteristics (arc instability and lifetime, dynamic behaviour, electrical system response, radiation efficiency and coupling to external radio systems). This work reports the state of the art in arc modelling, arcing experimental characterisation, interaction with the supply system, radiated emissions and disturbance to radio systems, providing a complete description of phenomena and of reference data, critically discussing similarity and differences between sources. Proposed arc models are many with different assumptions and simplifications for various applications, so that a critical review and discussion are a necessity, considering the many different approaches and not-so-obvious applicability. The comparison with experimental results highlights unavoidable discrepancies, also because of intrinsic arc variability and for the many involved parameters and operating conditions. The impact of the arc as embedded in the railway system is then considered, speaking of conducted and radiated phenomena, including interference to radio communication systems and arc detection. The most prominent effect for conducted emissions is the excitation of system resonances, including the LC filters onboard rolling stock and substations in DC railways, with consequences for disturbance and energy efficiency, and this is discussed in detail. Conversely, for high frequency emissions, the attenuation along the line circuit is significant and the effective distance of propagation is limited; nevertheless radiated electromagnetic field emissions are a relevant source of disturbance for radio systems within the ETS premises and outside (e.g., at airports). The published approaches to quantify performance reduction are discussed with emphasis on experimental methods.

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Section: Excitation Of Line Resonancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrical Behaviour of Railway Pantograph Arcs

Mariscotti

2023

Energies

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“…The current decomposition of FFT presents the values in Table I shows that the values of harmonic weights are bellow regulative thresholds for the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th current harmonics -5.0%, 3.0%, 3.0%, and 3.0%, respectively, of the rated current of the European standards or national standards, such as the ES 2009-07-01, this validating the determined control parameters. Currently the locomotives equipped with 4QR are controlled by symmetrical 3-level PWM techniques [2]. The functioning of current topology was presented previously in [2], with the corresponding issues in creating resonant overvoltage on certain harmonic levels.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently the locomotives equipped with 4QR are controlled by symmetrical 3-level PWM techniques [2]. The functioning of current topology was presented previously in [2], with the corresponding issues in creating resonant overvoltage on certain harmonic levels. The same type of locomotive, with exactly the same hardware, but with the aforementioned designed PR-controller presented the results in Fig.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electric railway traction systems (ERTS) are an important part of human transportation, especially in European and East-Asian countries. An increasing number of high-power converters on rolling stock (RS) for traction or auxiliary function, create an electromagnetic combability (EMC) problem with the railway power system [1][2][3]. Another issue of EMC in ERTS is heavy wireless communication systems integration, which creates problems of compatibility between switching devices and conducted and consumer or railway communication systems [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Proportional-Resonant Control for Current Harmonic Compliance in Electric Railway Power Systems

Nuca,

Wan,

Nicolae

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility &Amp; Signal/Power Integrity (EMC+SIPI)

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This paper presents the process of designing proportional-resonant controller for a four-quadrant rectifier in electric railway traction system. In the context of ever-stricter power quality and electromagnetic compatibility standards in electric railway power systems, developers of electric locomotives need to adapt with new ways to comply. This paper develops on the process of designing a four-quadrant rectifier proportional-resonant control for mitigation of low frequency current harmonic distortion, a novel method in the field of railway EMC. The control parameters are determined through analytical modeling of the rectifier through transfer functions. For the purpose of studying the harmonic distortion mitigation effects, only the current control loop was modeled and designed. The modeling starts with simplification of the model via largesignal modeling of the power converter. The parameters of the circuit then were used to develop the transfer functions, and select the appropriate parameter values of the current loop plant. The control loop and parameters were evaluated on test locomotive to validate the control, with results confirming the improved impact on the electromagnetic compatibility and conformity to regulation.

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“…• there is then a wide range of power supply transients [21], such as inrush and short-circuit events [22], that are intrinsic to the system and are not usually taken into account in the verification of interference to signaling; however, the criteria to discard such transients based on their duration, their nature and origin are not formalized and established; • other transients typical instead of RS operation occur much more frequently and they are relevant in terms of both instrumental uncertainty (e.g. scale setting and consequential out of scale) and transient disturbance to signaling (as the result of non-characteristic components arising during such transients) [23]; examples of such transients are pantograph bounces (bringing along electric arcs and on-board filter oscillations in DC RS [24]), wheel slip (causing traction converter reaction), various overvoltages [25], etc..…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference to Signalling Caused by Rolling Stock: Uncertainty and Variability on a Test Case

Bhagat,

Mariscotti

2024

Preprint

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The demonstration of compliance of rolling stock against disturbance limits for railway signaling, and in particular track circuits, is subject to a large deal of variability, caused by the diverse values of the electrical parameters of the railway line and resulting transfer functions, as well as operating conditions of rolling stock during tests. Instrumental uncertainty is evaluated with a Type B approach and shown to be much less than the experimental variability. Repeated test runs in acceleration, coasting, cruising, braking conditions are considered, deriving both max-hold (spread) and sample dispersion curves compared to the respective mean values (Type A approach to the evaluation of uncertainty). The major source of variability affecting a significant portion of the spectrum is caused by the superposed oscillations of the onboard LC filter, for which different choices of the transformation window duration are discussed. The test runs and the acquired data covered overall 1 day of tests along about 300 km of the Italian 3 kV DC railway network.

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Overvoltages Induced in the Supplying Line by an Electric Railway Vehicle

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

The Electrical Behaviour of Railway Pantograph Arcs

The Electrical Behaviour of Railway Pantograph Arcs

Design of Proportional-Resonant Control for Current Harmonic Compliance in Electric Railway Power Systems

Interference to Signalling Caused by Rolling Stock: Uncertainty and Variability on a Test Case

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