Overweight and basal metabolic rate in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hubel, Ralph; Jaß, Jana; Marcus, Alexander; Laessle, Reinhold G.

doi:10.1007/bf03327559

Cited by 63 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings are in contrast to several studies in older children with ADHD, that show a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity 5,6 , but in agreement with others 12,38,39 . A possible reason for the discrepancies between these former studies, is that specific lifestyle 13 characteristics that influence body weight and composition were not assessed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Several studies in school-aged children with ADHD found a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to general population 5,6 especially when nonmedicated 7 . It has been suggested that impulsivity in terms of poor self regulation and increased reward sensitivity may lead to overeating, and to an increased consumption of fatty and sweet foods that have a great rewarding value 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Hyperactivity/Inattention With Adiposity and Lifestyle Characteristics in Preschool Children

et al. 2011

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We performed a cross-sectional study in 450 nonreferred preschool children aged 4 to 6 years to assess the association between hyperactivity/inattention with adiposity and lifestyle characteristics. Measurements included scores of hyperactivity/inattention, adiposity, objectively measured physical activity, television viewing, and eating habits. Higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower percentage body fat, higher levels of physical activity, and less time spent in sedentary activity (all P .01). However, higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention were also associated with more television viewing and less healthy eating habits (all P .04). Except for some selected eating habits (P .07), those relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and sociodemographic confounders. To conclude, higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention are linked to different lifestyle characteristics that may in part contribute to a future development of overweight/obesity. Precise mechanisms explaining these associations and possible preventive approaches should be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Hyperactivity/Inattention With Adiposity and Lifestyle Characteristics in Preschool Children

et al. 2011

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“…27,28 Explanations that have been posited for this relationship are that ADHD symptoms could be correlated with binge eating, bulimia, and emotionally induced eating, which in turn results in obesity. 29,30 Contrary to these findings, our results indicate that in a sample seen for psychiatric consultation, there was a significantly higher rate of ADHD among normal and underweight individuals than among overweight and obese individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Status of Children and Adolescents in a Telepsychiatry Clinic

Marks

Shaikh

Hilty

et al. 2009

Telemedicine and e-Health

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity is approximately 32% among children and adolescents in the United States. Comorbid conditions associated with pediatric overweight and obesity include psychiatric conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents presenting for consultation from rural communities to the UC Davis Telemedicine Program (UCDTP), as well as to collect preliminary data to design an integrated disease management program for children and adolescents with obesity and mental illness. Patients aged 21 and under seen for psychiatric consultation at the UCDTP between 2004 and 2006 were included. Retrospective medical record review was conducted to determine the major psychiatric diagnoses, height, weight, body-mass index, and weight status (underweight=at risk for underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese) for each patient. Of the 230 patients referred, a total of 121 patients had both height and weight values documented. Three patients were underweight; 51 were normal weight; 28 were overweight; 39 were obese. The most common psychiatric diagnoses in the 121 patients were attention deficit=hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n ¼ 40), bipolar disorder (n ¼ 36), and depression (n ¼ 31). The most common psychiatric diagnoses in patients with available weight and height data who were overweight and obese were bipolar disorder (n ¼ 20), depression (n ¼ 18), and ADHD (n ¼ 17). Approximately 55% of child and adolescent patients seen for telepsychiatry consultation whose charts documented height and weight measurements were overweight or obese. Psychiatric diagnoses in overweight youngsters need to be researched further to determine whether the weight change is primary or secondary to mood and=or to treatments, such as medication. At such a high rate of comorbidity, monitoring the weight status of young psychiatric patients in this population is indicated.

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Clinical samples of ADHD from child psychiatric centers 5,7,9,10 and of extremely obese children hospitalized in a tertiary university center for eating disorders 8 may have introduced bias. Two studies actually used historical reference data rather than a control group 5,9 and the reported obesity prevalence in ADHD patients actually matched the contemporary higher population prevalence rates in Germany 2 and the US (National Health and Nutrition Survey), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

2012

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OBJECTIVE: There have been numerous reports on association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents; however, most studies adjusted only for a limited number of possible confounders. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 11 159 six through seventeen-year-old participants in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents. We determined weight status based on measured anthropometry and national reference data by International Obesity Task Force criteria. The parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-HI) was used as a continuous measure of ADHD symptoms. We examined whether the putative confounders socioeconomic status, migrant status, parental body mass index (BMI) and parental smoking were associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity. Associations between SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity vs normal weight were analyzed by binary logistic regression analyses. In the first model, we adjusted for age and sex only and in the second model also for the parental confounders. RESULTS: SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity in both sexes adjusting for age and sex. However, after adjusting for all confounders SDQ-HI was associated with an increased risk for overweight/obesity only in adolescent females. Socioeconomic status, parental BMI and parental smoking each were relevant confounders. Migrant status was also significantly associated with both SDQ-HI and overweight/obesity, thus qualifying as a confounder but contributed only weakly to the association. CONCLUSIONS: The association between ADHD symptoms and overweight/obesity is due to confounding by family background variables in all but adolescent girls. Possible reasons for the increased risk for overweight/obesity in this subgroup are discussed. We also propose possible mechanisms for confounding by parental socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking.

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Overweight and basal metabolic rate in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Relationship of Hyperactivity/Inattention With Adiposity and Lifestyle Characteristics in Preschool Children

Relationship of Hyperactivity/Inattention With Adiposity and Lifestyle Characteristics in Preschool Children

Weight Status of Children and Adolescents in a Telepsychiatry Clinic

Association of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with childhood overweight adjusted for confounding parental variables

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