Overweight and Obesity Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Who Use Intellectual Disability/Developmental Disability Services in 20 U.S. States

Stancliffe, Roger J.; Lakin, K. Charlie; Larson, Sheryl A.; Engler, Joshua; Bershadsky, Julie; Taub, Sarah F.; Fortune, Jon; Tichá, Renáta

doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.6.401

Cited by 103 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our findings show that women were more likely to be overweight, obese, and have abdominal obesity than men. These sex-based differences are similar to those documented in smaller scale studies conducted in the USA, UK, and South Africa, 1,2,19,22,23 and two larger studies from the USA 28,32 and an earlier international study with Special Olympics participants. 10 The logistic regression analyses also revealed that age was a significant predictor of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Body mass index and waist circumference of Latin American adult athletes with intellectual disability

et al. 2017

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Objectives. To examine both body mass index (BMI) status and waist circunference (WC) in a large international sample of adult Special Olympics participants from Latin America. It also explored the association of age and sex with obesity in this population. Materials and methods. BMI and WC records from a total of 4 174 (2 683 male and 1 491 female) participant records from the Special Olympics International Health Promotion database were examined. Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was quite high (i.e. > 40%), but generally lower than studies involving adults with intellectual disabilities from Europe and the USA. Chi-square analyses revealed that both increasing age and being female significantly predicted levels of overweight, obesity, and WC. Conclusions. These results suggest that efforts need to be made to prevent and reduce rates of overweight and obesity among Latin American Special Olympics participants, particularly women.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Body mass index and waist circumference of Latin American adult athletes with intellectual disability

et al. 2017

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“…Interestingly, Hsieh et al (2014) reported the rates of morbid obesity among a younger population of adults with intellectual disability (i.e., 18 to 39 years) to be almost twice that reported in the general population and comparable with the 40-to 59-year-old age group. While others (Stancliffe et al, 2011) showed that participants were reportedly less likely to be overweight if they were older, Patka and Murry (2016) indicated that the prevalence of obesity decreased with adulthood only for men while the BMI continued to increase with age for women.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some researchers have found higher prevalence of both being overweight and obese among individuals with intellectual disability than the general healthy population (Emerson et al, 2016;Haider et al, 2013;Melville et al, 2008Melville et al, , 2007de Winter et al, 2012), others report only the prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity being higher than the general population (Hsieh et al, 2014). Moreover, one report (Stancliffe et al, 2011) highlighted the same prevalence of obesity as the general population, and another found people with severe or profound intellectual disability being significantly more likely than their peers to be underweight (Hsieh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Being Overweight and Obesementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have consistently shown that the prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among women with intellectual disability is significantly higher compared with women without intellectual disability (Bhaumik et al, 2008;Hsieh et al, 2014;Melville et al, 2008;Patka & Murry, 2016;Stedman & Leland, 2010) as well as men with intellectual disability (Bhaumik et al, 2008;Melville et al, 2008Melville et al, , 2007Mikulovic et al, 2014;Stancliffe et al, 2011). While some researchers report that the prevalence of overweight status is higher in women than men (Bhaumik et al, 2008;Gale, Naqvi, & Russ, 2009;Mikulovic et al, 2014), others have found it to be higher in men (Hsieh et al, 2014), and others (Li, Frey, McCormick, & Johnston, 2015;McGuire, Daly, & Smyth, 2007) found no gender differences regarding BMI.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and potential factors associated with overweight and obesity status in adults with intellectual developmental disorders

Ranjan

Nasser

Fisher

2017

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background:The prevalence of being overweight and obese is increasing not just in the general population but also in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Therefore, a need to identify factors contributing to overweight/obesity arises as this population is escalating. Materials and Methods:This narrative review article summarizes pertinent research focusing on prevalence and the potential factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults with intellectual disability during the past decade.Results: Prevalence of being overweight and obese among adults with intellectual disability is reportedly 28%-71% and 17%-43%, respectively. Factors increasing the susceptibility of being overweight or obese have been identified as female gender, increasing age, having a certain diagnosis, mild intellectual disability, as well as living independently/with family, consuming certain prescription medications, and non-participation in physical activities. Conclusion:Identification of the potential risk factors associated with being overweight and obese in this population will help tackle the challenges faced by this growing adult population with intellectual disability. K E Y W O R D Sintellectual disability, obesity, overweight, potential factors, prevalence | INTRODUCTIONDuring the past decades, life expectancy of the people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) has increased considerably and follows similar increasing trends to those found in the general population except for those with Down syndrome or epilepsy and or severe and multiple disabilities (Coppus, 2013;Hosking et al., 2016;Patja, Iivanainen, Vesala, Oksanen, & Ruoppila, 2000). Data from the United Kingdom, however, report significantly higher mortality among individuals with intellectual disability compared to the general population; the median age at death of male and female individuals with intellectual disability being 65 and 63 years, respectively compared to 78 and 83 years in the general population (Heslop et al., 2014;Hosking et al., 2016).Most common causes of death among individuals with intellectual disability are reportedly cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and neoplasms (Janicki et al., 2002;Patja, Molsa, & Iivanainen, 2001).In their large 35-year follow-up research, Patja et al. (2001) showed that the disease mortality pattern was high up to 40 years of age, but did not increase after that indicating that older people with intellectual disability had a similar mortality pattern to the general population.Health care professionals are therefore posed with new challenges, as lack of good-quality health care is reportedly an important contributory factor to mortality among this population (Heslop et al., 2014;Hosking et al., 2016).With more than one-third of adults (36.9% men & 38.0% women) in the world being overweight or obese (Ng et al., 2014), it is logical to believe that there is a rise or similar increasing trend in the prevalence of being overweight and obese in adults with intellectual disability. Data on US population...

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“…Primarily, the included studies were cross-sectional observational (n = 31 81,82,98,[100][101][102]104,106,[109][110][111]114,116,119,121,124,[126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]137,139,142,143,145 ). The remaining studies involved retrospective database or medical records data (n = 22 [83][84][85][86][87][88][89]94,95,99,107,113,115,117,118,120,122,123,136,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project

Dunkley

Tyrer

Spong

et al. 2017

Programme Grants Appl Res

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BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is believed to be higher among people with intellectual disability (ID) than in the general population. However, research on prevalence and prevention in this population is limited.ObjectivesThe objectives of this programme of work were to establish a programme of research that would significantly enhance the knowledge and understanding of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM in people with ID; to test strategies for the early identification of IGR and T2DM in people with ID; and to develop a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in a population with ID and IGR (or at a high risk of T2DM/CVD).SettingLeicestershire, UK.ParticipantsAdults with ID were recruited from community settings, including residential homes and family homes. Adults with mild to moderate ID who had an elevated body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2and/or IGR were invited to take part in the education programme.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the screening programme was the prevalence of screen-detected T2DM and IGR. The uptake, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed.Data sourcesParticipants were recruited from general practices, specialist ID services and clinics, and through direct contact.ResultsA total of 930 people with ID were recruited to the screening programme: 58% were male, 80% were white and 68% were overweight or obese. The mean age of participants was 43.3 years (standard deviation 14.2 years). Bloods were obtained for 675 participants (73%). The prevalence of previously undiagnosed T2DM was 1.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5% to 2%] and of IGR was 5% (95% CI 4% to 7%). Abnormal IGR was more common in those of non-white ethnicity; those with a first-degree family history of diabetes; those with increasing weight, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure or triglycerides; and those with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We developed a lifestyle educational programme for people with ID, informed by findings from qualitative stakeholder interviews (health-care professionals,n = 14; people with ID,n = 7) and evidence reviews. Subsequently, 11 people with ID (and carers) participated in pilot education sessions (two groups) and five people attended education for the feasibility stage (one group). We found that it was feasible to collect primary outcome measures on physical activity and sedentary behaviour using wrist-worn accelerometers. We found that the programme was relatively costly, meaning that large changes in activity or diet (or a reduction in programme costs) would be necessary for the programme to be cost-effective. We also developed a quality development process for assessing intervention fidelity.LimitationsWe were able to screen only around 30% of the population and involved only a small number in the piloting and feasibility work.ConclusionsThe results from this programme of work have significantly enhanced the existing knowledge and understanding of T2DM and IGR in people with ID. We have developed a lifestyle education programme and educator training protocol to promote behaviour change in this population.Future workFurther work is needed to evaluate the STOP Diabetes intervention to identify cost-effective strategies for its implementation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02513277.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inHealth Research Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Overweight and Obesity Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Who Use Intellectual Disability/Developmental Disability Services in 20 U.S. States

Cited by 103 publications

References 28 publications

Body mass index and waist circumference of Latin American adult athletes with intellectual disability

Body mass index and waist circumference of Latin American adult athletes with intellectual disability

Prevalence and potential factors associated with overweight and obesity status in adults with intellectual developmental disorders

Screening for glucose intolerance and development of a lifestyle education programme for prevention of type 2 diabetes in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP Diabetes research project

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