Overweight and obesity predict time to periodontal disease progression in men

Abstract

Aims To examine whether overweight and obesity indicators – body mass index, waist circumference, and waist circumference-to-height ratio – predict progression of periodontal disease in men. Materials and Methods Participants were 1038 medically healthy, non-Hispanic, white males in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who were monitored with triennial oral and medical examinations between 1969 and 1996. Periodontal disease progression in an individual was defined as having 2 or more teeth advance to levels of alveolar bone loss ≥40%, probing pocket depth ≥5mm, or clinical attachment loss ≥5mm after baseline. Extended Cox regression analyses estimated hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events due to overweight/obesity status, controlling for age, smoking, education, diabetes, recent periodontal treatment, recent prophylaxis, and number of filled/decayed surfaces. Results Body mass index and waist circumference-to-height ratio were significantly associated with hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression events regardless of periodontal disease indicator. Adjusted hazard ratios for periodontal disease progression were 41-72% higher in obese men (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) relative to men with both normal weight and waist circumference-to-height ratio (≤50%). Conclusion Both overall obesity and central adiposity are associated with an increased hazards of periodontal disease progression events in men.

The levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese patients following periodontal therapy

“…At the same time, an intensified local inflammatory response (increased levels of acute phase protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines) has been observed in obese individuals (12,13). Furthermore, a greater risk of periodontal disease was related to BMI and WHR, irrespective of periodontal disease indicators (14). Higher body mass and secretion of white adipose tissue are the likely reason why obesity is connected to periodontal disease.…”

Vitamin D and Periodontal Health in Older Men

“…Severe clinical periodontal disease was defined as at least 1 site with PPD ≥ 5 mm and 2 or more sites with AL ≥ 6 mm, not on the same tooth (Eke et al, 2012). Moderate-tosevere ABL was defined as at least 3 proximal sites (i.e., ≥ 2 teeth) with 40% or more bone loss (Gorman et al, 2012). Sensitivity analyses were done with several other threshold levels and definitions, including categorization of ABL based on whole-mouth mean ABL scores (whole mouth mean < 40% or ≥ 40%) after the method of Beck et al (1996).…”

Changes in Body Weight and Adiposity Predict Periodontitis Progression in Men

“…Probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured by calibrated examiners (Gorman et al, 2012). At the first 6 examinations, only the maximum PPD per tooth was recorded on a 4-point interval scale (0 = ≤ 2 mm; 1 = > 2-≤ 3 mm; 2 = > 3-< 5 mm; 3 = ≥ 5 mm).…”

“…Our previous paper (Gorman et al, 2012) used a prospective design to demonstrate a potentially causal relationship between obesity status and future risk of periodontitis. Risk of moderate to severe periodontitis over a 27-year period, as measured by probing depth, clinical attachment loss, or alveolar bone loss, was 40 to 72% greater in obese men compared with normal-weight men.…”